{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:45:37Z","timestamp":1754163937172,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22JA1006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JA1006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to establish the validity of the KOJI AWARENESS\u2122 sub-components by determining whether there is a connection between the sub-component scores and joint range of motion, muscle strength, and balance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty healthy adults (17 females and 33 males) participated in the study, completing the KOJI AWARENESS\u2122 assessments and measurements of joint range of motion, muscle strength, and balance. The range of motion of the upper and lower extremities and trunk was measured using either a goniometer or an inclinometer. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength. Balance ability was assessed using a modified balance error scoring system. Using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test or the Jonckheere\u2013Terpstra test, we compared KOJI AWARENESS\u2122 scores with the corresponding body segments at a significance level of P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results indicated associations between external references and many items; however, no associations were found for flexion, extension, and rotation of neck mobility, extension and external rotation of hip mobility, and mid-section stability strength in KOJI AWARENESS\u2122.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, the KOJI AWARENESS\u2122 sub-component scores demonstrated good validity, except for the items related to neck and hip flexibility and trunk muscle strength. Future analyses should include a wider range of age groups, such as middle-aged and older adults.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0328890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T17:42:17Z","timestamp":1753983737000},"page":"e0328890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Criterion-related validity of self-screening using the KOJI AWARENESS\u2122 test for range of motion and strength in healthy participants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-5937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenji","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Mitomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Osaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Murofushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Yagishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0328890.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002389","article-title":"Self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"KL Tucker","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0328890.ref002","article-title":"Effect of self-monitoring on long-term patient engagement with mobile health applications","volume":"13","author":"K Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0328890.ref003","article-title":"Effectiveness of combined health coaching and self-monitoring apps on weight-related outcomes in people with overweight and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"HSJ Chew","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0328890.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105198","article-title":"Do physical activity interventions combining self-monitoring with other components provide an additional benefit compared with self-monitoring alone? 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