{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:31:07Z","timestamp":1765305067668,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020230","name":"Health Commission of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JC044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JC044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Evidence Based Capacity Enhancement Program (2024) of the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, observational studies and clinical trials have shown that the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) IgG seropositivity, but these studies may be affected by confounding factors, resulting in a causal relationship that is still controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to clarify the association between anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity and CHD and explore its potential pathogenesis. Exposure, outcome, and mediator data were obtained all from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) analysis method under the fixed-effect model was used as our primary statistical method. Other statistical methods are supplements, such as IVW under the random-effects model, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression method. Causal estimates are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To ensure the stability and reliability of the results, we also performed sensitivity and heterogeneity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that increases of anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD (OR=1.003, 95% CI:1.0001.006, P\u2009=\u20090.048) and increases in peak insulin response (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.214, 95% CI: 0.025\u20130.403, P\u2009=\u20090.026), decrease in total free cholesterol levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20120.031, 95% CI: \u20120.061 to \u20120.000, P\u2009=\u20090.045), decreased waist circumference (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20120.073, 95% CI: \u20120.138 to \u20120.008, P\u2009=\u20090.027) and waist-to-hip ratio (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20120.069, 95% CI: \u20120.136 to \u20120.002, P\u2009=\u20090.044). The leave-one-out method proved inadequate in detecting instances where a single SNP exhibited a bias towards or dependency on the causation. Furthermore, our findings revealed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our MR study provided strong evidence of a causal relationship between anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity and related to an increased risk of CHD. The effect of anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity on CHD may be related to a higher peak insulin response or lower total free cholesterol levels and a decrease in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. However, further research is needed to prove the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:27:27Z","timestamp":1765304847000},"page":"e0329137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG seropositivity on coronary heart disease and potential pathogenesis: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianying","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingzi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongguang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0329137.ref001","article-title":"A Dynamic Visualization Tool of Local Trends in Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality in the United States","volume":"19","author":"P Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0329137.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002567","article-title":"Disparities in Temporal and Geographic Patterns of Declining Heart Disease Mortality by Race and Sex in the United States, 1973-2010","volume":"4","author":"AS Vaughan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0329137.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.021","article-title":"The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks: A Compass for Global Action","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0329137.ref004","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0329137.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.21.14.195S.34602","article-title":"Management of coronary heart disease risk factors and progression with calcium channel blockers","volume":"21","author":"JA Pieper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0329137.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v15.i7.342","article-title":"Risk factors in cardiovascular patients: Challenges and opportunities to improve secondary prevention","volume":"15","author":"R Gabulova","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0329137.ref007","unstructured":"Li F, Du R, Chen J, Li N, Zhao C. 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