{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:10:50Z","timestamp":1755216650919,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21161MFDS024 and 23191MFDS015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161MFDS024 and 23191MFDS015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Officially certified microbiological testing methods utilize positive control strains to enhance experimental reproducibility and ensure standardized procedures among experimenters. <jats:italic><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic><jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 is designated as a positive control strain for microbiological testing by the International Organization for Standardization, the Korean Pharmacopoeia, and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) foodborne investigation methods. However, using such foreign strains involves complicated import procedures and significant financial burdens. In this study, we aimed to select a domestic isolate strain that can replace <jats:italic><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium ATCC 14028. The target strains used were <jats:italic><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium strains preserved in the Korean Culture Collection for foodborne pathogens (MFDS). To confirm the equivalent characteristics between the candidate strains and the positive control strain, biochemical and molecular characterization were performed according to the methods specified in ISO test methods, the Food Code, and the MFDS food poisoning investigation methods. After biochemical and molecular biological analyses on 19 <jats:italic><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium strains, only those exhibiting equivalent characteristics underwent whole-genome sequencing. In the biochemical characterization, two strains showed different results in the citrate utilization test. Excluding these, the remaining 17 strains were subjected to molecular analysis (PCR), and all showed identical genetic profiles to the positive control strain. Ultimately, whole-genome sequencing of the 17 selected candidate strains revealed that strains 1004022 and 1004023 shared the same sequence type (ST19) as <jats:italic><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, exhibited fewer than 20 SNPs, and showed 99.94% genomic homology. Therefore, <jats:italic><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium MFDS 1004022 and 1004023 were proposed as suitable domestic alternative to the imported strain. It is anticipated that the distribution of these alternative strains to microbiological testing laboratories will contribute to food safety management by supporting microbial testing and analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T17:27:28Z","timestamp":1754328448000},"page":"e0329363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of an alternative positive control strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium for microbial assays"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yu-Si","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Hyeon","family":"Joung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongchjun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Insun","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4938-4124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun Sook","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329363.ref001","first-page":"42","article-title":"International trends of official analytical methods for food microorganisms and the principles of detection methods","volume":"10","author":"HJ Bang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Safe Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329363.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011931","article-title":"One species, many faces: The underappreciated importance of strain diversity","volume":"20","author":"J Nysten","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329363.ref003","first-page":"365","article-title":"Characteristics to consider when selecting a positive control material for an in vitro assay","volume":"38","author":"EJ Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0329363.ref004","article-title":"Issues and current standards of controls in microbiome research","volume":"95","author":"BVH Hornung","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0329363.ref005","first-page":"20","volume-title":"2021 National life science research resource management and utilization implementation plan","author":"MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329363.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.15301\/jepa.2020.28.4.91","article-title":"The Current Status and Policy Measure of Biological Research Resources in Korea","volume":"28","author":"C-M Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"jepa"},{"key":"pone.0329363.ref007","article-title":"Understanding the Access and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources for Microbiology Researchers","author":"J Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kor J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329363.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-022-1335-5","article-title":"Characterization and validation of an alternative reference bacterium Korean Pharmacopoeia Staphylococcus aureus strain","volume":"60","author":"YW An","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"volume-title":"Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and serotyping of Salmonella - Part 1: Horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella spp. ISO\/TR 6579-1:2017","year":"2022","author":"ISO (International Organization for Standardization)","key":"pone.0329363.ref009"},{"volume-title":"The Korean Pharmacopoeia, 12th edn","year":"2020","author":"MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)","key":"pone.0329363.ref010"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens in Outbreaks","year":"2020","author":"MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)","key":"pone.0329363.ref011"},{"volume-title":"Korean Food Code","year":"2020","author":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","key":"pone.0329363.ref012"},{"article-title":"BAM Chapter 15: Salmonella","year":"2020","author":"WH Andrews","key":"pone.0329363.ref013"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0329363.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051285","article-title":"Genome-Based Characterization of Hybrid Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC\/ETEC) Strains Isolated in South Korea, 2016-2020","volume":"11","author":"W Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329363.ref015","first-page":"205","article-title":"Draft genome sequences of Sabulilitoribacter multivorans KCTC 32326T and Sabulilitoribacter arenilitoris KCTC 52401T","volume":"58","author":"JS Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0329363.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02432","article-title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Transmission in Israel","volume":"9","author":"A Rokney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0329363.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582677","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.582677","article-title":"Analysis of the Global Population Structure of Paenibacillus larvae and Outbreak Investigation of American Foulbrood Using a Stable wgMLST Scheme","volume":"8","author":"B Papi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329363.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000760","article-title":"OrthoANI: An improved algorithm and software for calculating average nucleotide identity","volume":"66","author":"I Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0329363.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254999","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1254999","article-title":"Genomic delineation and description of species and within-species lineages in the genus Pantoea","volume":"14","author":"KC Crosby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0329363.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409727102","article-title":"Genomic insights that advance the species definition for prokaryotes","volume":"102","author":"KT Konstantinidis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0329363.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01482","article-title":"Interpreting Whole-Genome Sequence Analyses of Foodborne Bacteria for Regulatory Applications and Outbreak Investigations","volume":"9","author":"AW Pightling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"first-page":"44","volume-title":"Antibiotics-Microbial Assays, USP43-NF38-6488","author":"The Unites States Pharmacopoeia","key":"pone.0329363.ref022"},{"volume-title":"Act on the management and utilization of pathogen resources Law No. 18614, Republic of Korea","year":"2022","author":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","key":"pone.0329363.ref023"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0329363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T17:27:32Z","timestamp":1754328452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0329363"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Faezi Ghasemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0329363","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}}}