{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:15:16Z","timestamp":1783728916929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division Benefactors Urgent COVID-19 Fund","award":["COVID-19 Research Response Fund Grant 0009325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 Research Response Fund Grant 0009325"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research","award":["SPCR grant 495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPCR grant 495"]}]},{"name":"Urgent Public Health funding received by the CONDOR platform from the NIHR and Asthma + Lung UK","award":["NIHR UPH grant COV0051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR UPH grant COV0051"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Community Healthcare MedTech and In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative","award":["MIC 2016-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIC 2016-018"]}]},{"name":"NIHR HealthTech Research Centre (HRC) in Community Healthcare at Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust","award":["NIHR205287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR205287"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023233","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Roche International Ltd","award":["R69261\/CN085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R69261\/CN085"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Roche SARS-CoV-2 &amp; Flu A\/B Rapid Antigen Test at the point of care.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>17 primary care practices in England.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>500 individuals with symptoms consistent with possible SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection identified upon presentation to primary care or via medical note review.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values, compared to a laboratory reference standard of real-time reverse transcription PCR, using samples collected using a combined nasal and oropharyngeal swab.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of 481 participants with available index and reference test results, 5.6% (27\/481) were reference standard-positive for SARS-CoV-2, 11.4% (55\/481) for Influenza A and 1.9% (9\/481) for Influenza B. The sensitivity of the antigen test to detect SARS-CoV-2 was 70.4% (19\/27, 95% CI 49.6\u201386.2%) and specificity was 99.3% (451\/454, 95%CI 98.1\u201399.9%). For Influenza A, sensitivity was 29.1% (16\/55, 95% CI 17.6\u201342.9%) and specificity 98.6% (420\/426, 97.0\u201399.5%), and for Influenza B, sensitivity was 22.2% (2\/9, 2.8\u201360.0%) and specificity 98.1% (463\/472, 96.4\u201399.1%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec007\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a primary care population of symptomatic individuals, the assay was highly specific and had moderate sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2, but did not detect the majority of influenza infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec008\">\n<jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>ISRCTN14226970.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T17:33:23Z","timestamp":1754588003000},"page":"e0329611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy evaluation of a point-of-care antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in UK primary care (RAPTOR-C19)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Fanshawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7775-9926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharon","family":"Tonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"G\u0142ogowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umasha","family":"Ukwatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Okusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Cogdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8897-7881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Zambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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Richard","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail N.","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the RAPTOR-C19 Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10326","key":"pone.0329611.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02346-1","article-title":"Diagnostics for COVID-19: moving from pandemic response to control","volume":"399","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0329611.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11050141","article-title":"Point-of-Care PCR assays for COVID-19 detection","volume":"11","author":"N Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329611.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12020124","article-title":"REASSURED multiplex diagnostics: a critical review and forecast","volume":"12","author":"JA Otoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0329611.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288612","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care tests for COVID-19 when used in symptomatic patients in community settings in the UK primary care COVID diagnostic accuracy platform trial (RAPTOR-C19)","volume":"18","author":"BD Nicholson","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329611.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.12.009","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in a primary care population (RAPTOR-C19)","volume":"30","author":"TR Fanshawe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329611.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2179","article-title":"Comparison of influenza type A and B with COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings","volume":"31","author":"A Pormohammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"pone.0329611.ref007","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency. 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