{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:06:36Z","timestamp":1793239596727,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Rationale &amp; objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cognitive impairment is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD. A number of intervention approaches have the potential to improve cognitive performance in CKD. Our objective was to characterize interventions studied to improve cognitive performance for adults with CKD across all categories of severity, including kidney failure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Scoping review following JBI methodology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Setting and study populations<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adults (\u226518 years) with CKD or kidney failure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Selection criteria for studies<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We searched 5 electronic databases for studies published up to April 5, 2024. Eligible sources were primary research studies that investigated any intervention targeting cognition in adults (\u226518 years) with CKD or kidney failure. Full-text article screening was performed in duplicate.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Data extraction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Characteristics of interventions, populations studied, and outcomes investigated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Analytical approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Descriptive statistics and narrative syntheses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec007\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Seventy-one studies were included. Over half (n\u2009=\u200937, 52%) were conducted within the past five years, and most studies (n\u2009=\u200947, 66%) targeted people on maintenance hemodialysis therapy. Just over one-third of studies investigated pharmacological interventions, with much of the pharmacological or medical research focusing on anemia management or dialysis adequacy. Although recent research has expanded in focus, many other purported mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in CKD remain understudied in interventional research. Exercise training (n\u2009=\u200914) was the most common nonpharmacological approach studied, but few studies have explored other promising nonpharmacological approaches such as cognitive rehabilitation interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec008\">\n<jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Abstract screening not performed in duplicate; non-English studies excluded.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec009\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Research into cognitive interventions for people with kidney disease has primarily focused on the hemodialysis population and investigated erythropoietin stimulating agents, frequent or prolonged dialysis, and exercise, although there has been recent growth of research activity into other interventions. Future research should aim to address a broader range of purported pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in CKD, investigate interventions for predialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, and explore the impacts of established cognitive rehabilitation approaches.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T17:26:17Z","timestamp":1754587577000},"page":"e0329815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interventions to improve cognitive performance in chronic kidney disease: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1763-6803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janine","family":"Farragher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urooj 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