{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:16:25Z","timestamp":1793146585423,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020119","name":"REAM Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Misophonia, characterized by intense negative reactions to specific sounds, is associated with significant emotional distress. The connections among misophonia severity and factors like emotion regulation, anxiety, and anger remain unclear. This study uses network analysis to clarify these relationships in adults with self-reported misophonia symptoms, identifying key intervention targets and processes driving symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A community sample of adults with misophonia symptoms and impairment (<jats:italic><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009205) completed psychometrically validated self-report measures, including the Duke Misophonia Questionnaire (DMQ), Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ), and assessments of emotion regulation, anxiety, and anger. Network analysis was conducted to identify associations among misophonia severity, anxiety, anger, and emotion regulation components. Centrality indices were used to evaluate the most influential factors in the network, and community detection was employed to explore underlying clusters.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Misophonia severity was most strongly associated with emotional awareness, nonacceptance, anxiety, and anger. The network analysis revealed that nodes representing emotion regulation strategies, nonacceptance, and impulsivity had the highest centrality and expected influence values, indicating their significant role in the overall network. Community detection identified two distinct clusters: one reflecting emotion dysregulation and misophonia, and the other related to emotional clarity and awareness.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study highlights the importance of nonacceptance, emotional awareness, anger, and anxiety in understanding misophonia severity. Interventions targeting anger, anxiety, and nonacceptance may be most effective in managing misophonia symptoms. Future research should explore these relationships longitudinally to better inform treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T17:27:53Z","timestamp":1755538073000},"page":"e0329920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Examining the role of emotion regulation, anger, and anxiety in misophonia: A network model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0937-1946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8258-2272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Zachary","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0329920.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841816","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.841816","article-title":"Consensus definition of misophonia: a delphi study","volume":"16","author":"SE Swedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0329920.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6790","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116790","article-title":"Misophonia: a systematic review of current and future trends in this emerging clinical field","volume":"19","author":"A Ferrer-Torres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00036","article-title":"Investigating misophonia: a review of the empirical literature, clinical implications, and a research agenda","volume":"12","author":"JJ Brout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1372527","article-title":"Treatments for decreased sound tolerance (hyperacusis and misophonia).","volume-title":"Seminars in hearing","author":"PJ Jastreboff","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47988","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00296","article-title":"Misophonia: physiological investigations and case descriptions","volume":"7","author":"M Edelstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054706","article-title":"Misophonia: diagnostic criteria for a new psychiatric disorder","volume":"8","author":"A Schr\u00f6der","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0329920.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22098","article-title":"Misophonia: incidence, phenomenology, and clinical correlates in an undergraduate student sample","volume":"70","author":"MS Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22500","article-title":"A Large-scale study of misophonia","volume":"74","author":"R Rouw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.37708\/psyct.v13i2.454","article-title":"Self-identified misophonia phenomenology, impact, and clinical correlates","volume":"13","author":"JM Claiborn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Thought"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0329920.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22771","article-title":"Misophonia: a scoping review of research","volume":"75","author":"I Potgieter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012424","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1012424","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of misophonia symptoms in the general population of Germany","volume":"13","author":"E Jakubovski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref012","article-title":"Prevalence, phenomenology, and impact of misophonia in a nationally representative sample of US adults","author":"LJ Dixon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Clin Sci"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref013","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of misophonia in a representative population-based survey in Germany","author":"E Pfeiffer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1359","article-title":"Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States","volume":"21","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0404","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"69","author":"BF Grant","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10146","key":"pone.0329920.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31129-2","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder","volume":"392","author":"C Lord","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"15","author":"AM Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.19","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population","volume":"64","author":"J Per\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.12.048","article-title":"The brain basis for misophonia","volume":"27","author":"S Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44084-8","article-title":"Misophonia is associated with altered brain activity in the auditory cortex and salience network","volume":"9","author":"A Schr\u00f6der","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893903","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.893903","article-title":"The neurobiology of misophonia and implications for novel, neuroscience-driven interventions","volume":"16","author":"AD Neacsiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880759","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.880759","article-title":"Neural evidence for non-orofacial triggers in mild misophonia","volume":"16","author":"HA Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref023","volume-title":"Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition","author":"RA Thompson","year":"1994"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref024","article-title":"Online emotion regulation for an adolescent with misophonia: a case study","author":"N Zarotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cogn Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0329920.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051797","article-title":"Development and psychometric properties of misoquest-a new self-report questionnaire for misophonia","volume":"17","author":"M Siepsiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00847","article-title":"The mediating role of emotion regulation within the relationship between neuroticism and misophonia: a preliminary investigation","volume":"11","author":"C Cassiello-Robbins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00677-x","article-title":"Disgust and emotion Dysregulation in misophonia: a case for mental contamination?","volume":"21","author":"U Barahmand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263230","article-title":"Examining emotional functioning in misophonia: the role of affective instability and difficulties with emotion regulation","volume":"17","author":"RE Guetta","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9161-1","article-title":"Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: an integrative review","volume":"32","author":"JM Cisler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"26","author":"KL Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.850","article-title":"An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder","volume":"115","author":"KL Gratz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mennin DS, Heimberg RG, Turk CL, Fresco DM. Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. 2002.","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.9.1.85"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.026","article-title":"Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence","volume":"89","author":"HC Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0329920.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-009-9268-4","article-title":"The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among inpatients with substance use disorders","volume":"34","author":"KL Gratz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.2011.02029.x","article-title":"Specificity of emotion regulation deficits in social anxiety: an internet study","volume":"85","author":"S Rusch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.04.004","article-title":"Emotion regulation difficulties in trauma survivors: the role of trauma type and PTSD symptom severity","volume":"41","author":"T Ehring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becerra R, Cruise K, Murray G, Bassett D, Harms C, Allan A. Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: Are emotion regulation abilities less compromised in euthymic bipolar disorder than unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders? 2013.","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpsych.2013.34A001"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.001","article-title":"Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: profile and utility in predicting trait mania and depression propensity","volume":"225","author":"TE Van Rheenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/92023","article-title":"Misophonia - a review of research results and theoretical concepts","volume":"53","author":"M Siepsiak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231390","article-title":"Misophonia: phenomenology, comorbidity and demographics in a large sample","volume":"15","author":"I Jager","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900474","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.900474","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation of quality of life and negative emotions in misophonia","volume":"16","author":"B Dibb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/psych3040041","article-title":"Listening to people with misophonia: exploring the multiple dimensions of sound intolerance using a new psychometric tool, the S-five, in a large sample of individuals identifying with the condition","volume":"3","author":"S Vitoratou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psych"},{"issue":"4616","key":"pone.0329920.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6612338","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions","volume":"221","author":"P Ekman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0329920.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-195309000-00007","article-title":"The physiological differentiation between fear and anger in humans","volume":"15","author":"AF Ax","year":"1953","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282777","article-title":"Misophonia in the UK: prevalence and norms from the S-Five in a UK representative sample","volume":"18","author":"S Vitoratou","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902807","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.902807","article-title":"A nomological network for misophonia in two German samples using the S-Five model for misophonia","volume":"13","author":"N Remmert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361645","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1361645","article-title":"The mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between misophonia and quality of life: findings from the validated Turkish version of MisoQuest","volume":"15","author":"E Ay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110777","article-title":"Psychiatric and audiologic features of misophonia: use of a clinical control group with auditory over-responsivity","volume":"156","author":"M Siepsiak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227118","article-title":"Severity of misophonia symptoms is associated with worse cognitive control when exposed to misophonia trigger sounds","volume":"15","author":"EC Daniels","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.06.004","article-title":"An examination of the relationship between misophonia, anxiety sensitivity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms","volume":"18","author":"SE Cusack","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compuls Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110587","article-title":"The development and validation of the Misophonia response scale","volume":"149","author":"B Dibb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0329920.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071410","article-title":"Misophonia in Singaporean psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"TC Quek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0329920.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5464","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155464","article-title":"Prevalence of misophonia and correlates of its symptoms among inpatients with depression","volume":"17","author":"M Siepsiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0329920.ref054","first-page":"42","article-title":"Hyperacusis and misophonia: the lesser-known siblings of tinnitus","volume":"94","author":"P Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0329920.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23552","article-title":"A symptom network model of misophonia: from heightened sensory sensitivity to clinical comorbidity","volume":"79","author":"N Andermane","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702618772296","article-title":"The future of intervention science: process-based therapy","volume":"7","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypsc.2023.03.009","article-title":"Treatment of misophonia","volume":"3","author":"MZ Rosenthal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatry Behav Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2017.07.002","article-title":"Profile analysis of psychological symptoms associated with misophonia: a community sample","volume":"49","author":"D McKay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.05.001","article-title":"Misophonia symptoms among Chinese university students: incidence, associated impairment, and clinical correlates","volume":"14","author":"X Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compuls Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5351","article-title":"Increased misophonia in self-reported Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response","volume":"6","author":"AB Janik McErlean","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709928","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.709928","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the duke misophonia questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"MZ Rosenthal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref063","volume-title":"The theory and practice of item response theory","author":"RJ De Ayala","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-statistics-041715-033702","article-title":"Item response theory","volume":"3","author":"L Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Stat Its Appl"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0329920.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.06.023","article-title":"A clinically useful anger outcome scale","volume":"141","author":"HF Levin-Aspenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref067","volume-title":"SCID\u20105\u2010RV","author":"MB First","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296218","article-title":"Misophonia is related to stress but not directly with traumatic stress","volume":"19","author":"RE Guetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asn034","article-title":"Extended Bayesian information criteria for model selection with large model spaces","volume":"95","author":"J Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0329920.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","article-title":"Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network","volume":"125","author":"DJ Robinaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0329920.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001258","article-title":"How predictable are symptoms in psychopathological networks? A reanalysis of 18 published datasets","volume":"47","author":"JMB Haslbeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","article-title":"Bridge centrality: a network approach to understanding comorbidity","volume":"56","author":"PJ Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref074","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-012-9280-y","article-title":"An examination of the latent structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"34","author":"JR Bardeen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-019-00690-7","article-title":"Acceptance versus reappraisal: behavioral, autonomic, and neural effects","volume":"19","author":"PR Goldin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref077","volume-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder","author":"M Linehan","year":"1993"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref078","volume-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of mindful change","author":"SC Hayes","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpbs-120159","article-title":"Effectiveness of online group-mindfulness and acceptance\u2010based therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on misophonia","volume":"16","author":"S Ghorbani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/15346501221126136","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for a child with misophonia: a case study","volume":"22","author":"JM Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Case Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0329920.ref081","first-page":"221","article-title":"Case study: a novel application of mindfulness-and acceptance-based components to treat misophonia","volume":"6","author":"RL Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCBS"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0329920.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000800","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for an emerging adult female with misophonia: a case study","volume":"30","author":"SD Spencer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2023.07.005","article-title":"Mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation in pediatric misophonia","volume":"29","author":"SD Spencer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Contextual Behav Sci"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794343","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.794343","article-title":"Synopsis and qualitative evaluation of a treatment protocol to guide systemic group-cognitive behavioral therapy for misophonia","volume":"13","author":"I Jager","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0329920.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.12.007","article-title":"Exploring the effects of the mindfulness and countering emotional behaviors modules from the unified protocol on dysregulated anger in the context of emotional disorders","volume":"51","author":"C Cassiello-Robbins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.017","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in misophonia: an open trial","volume":"217","author":"AE Schr\u00f6der","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.940781","article-title":"Emotion regulation: current status and future prospects","volume":"26","author":"JJ Gross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.05.013","article-title":"Structural and functional brain abnormalities in misophonia","volume":"52","author":"N Eijsker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2019.1666801","article-title":"Inattention in misophonia: difficulties achieving and maintaining alertness","volume":"42","author":"B Frank","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0329920.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2022.2056581","article-title":"Attention, flexibility, and imagery in misophonia: Does attention exacerbate everyday disliking of sound?","volume":"43","author":"J Simner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref091","article-title":"Identifying optimal parameters for neuroscience-informed interventions for misophonia","author":"AD Neacsiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191109349579","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents using the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"17","author":"A Neumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-012-9292-7","article-title":"The difficulties in emotion regulation scale: factor structure and association with nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent inpatients","volume":"34","author":"J Perez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2015.1091774","article-title":"Addressing psychometric limitations of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale through item modification","volume":"98","author":"JR Bardeen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073915610640","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the association between emotional clarity and attention to emotions","volume":"9","author":"MT Boden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emot Rev"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819902","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.819902","article-title":"The relations of attention to and clarity of feelings with facial affect perception","volume":"13","author":"T Suslow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294571","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1294571","article-title":"The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders for misophonia: a pilot trial exploring acceptability and efficacy","volume":"14","author":"K McMahon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref098","first-page":"491","article-title":"Dialectical behavior therapy: an intervention for emotion dysregulation.","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation, vol. 2","author":"AD Neacsiu","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref099","volume-title":"The dialectical behavior therapy skills workbook for anger: using DBT mindfulness and emotion regulation skills to manage anger","author":"AL Chapman","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref100","volume-title":"DBT skills training manual","author":"M Linehan","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.120","article-title":"An experimental examination of neurostimulation and cognitive restructuring as potential components for misophonia interventions","volume":"350","author":"AD Neacsiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/23794925.2022.2025631","article-title":"Applying the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in children and adolescents to misophonia: a case example","volume":"8","author":"NA Tonarely-Busto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evid-Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0329920.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23127","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for misophonia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"IJ Jager","year":"2021","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"pone.0329920.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.027","article-title":"Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for misophonia in youth: methods for a clinical trial and four pilot cases","volume":"291","author":"AB Lewin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0329920.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2018.04.003","article-title":"The suitability of an inhibitory learning approach in exposure when habituation fails: a clinical application to misophonia","volume":"26","author":"B Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0329920.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617705892","article-title":"Moving forward: challenges and directions for psychopathological network theory and methodology","volume":"12","author":"EI Fried","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0329920.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(04)80013-3","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies","volume":"35","author":"SC Hayes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0329920.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016869","article-title":"Clinical assessment of affective instability: comparing EMA indices, questionnaire reports, and retrospective recall","volume":"21","author":"MB Solhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0329920.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.08.008","article-title":"Experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment studies in psychopharmacology: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"FM Bos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0329920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1755538085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0329920"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Juthatip","family":"Wiwattanapantuwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0329920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}}}