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A novel constant voltage drive circuit is proposed for driving the stepper motor. The differential linear driving and receiving circuit is presented to collect data from the linear encoder. By using the linear encoder to provide feedback on the current focal length, both open-loop and closed-loop focusing functions are achieved. The performances of the designed system are implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit board. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed system consumes approximately <jats:inline-formula id=\"pone.0330026.e001\"><jats:alternatives><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"pone.0330026.e001g\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0330026.e001\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.4<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>W<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> of power, has a strong load-carrying capacity, and achieves a focusing control precision of <jats:inline-formula id=\"pone.0330026.e002\"><jats:alternatives><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"pone.0330026.e002g\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0330026.e002\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u00b1<\/mml:mi><mml:mn>0.0004<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mm<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> over the entire motion range of <jats:inline-formula id=\"pone.0330026.e003\"><jats:alternatives><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"pone.0330026.e003g\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0330026.e003\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>6<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mm<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> to <jats:inline-formula id=\"pone.0330026.e004\"><jats:alternatives><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"pone.0330026.e004g\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0330026.e004\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>6<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u00a0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mm<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0330026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T17:41:03Z","timestamp":1754674863000},"page":"e0330026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and implementation of a low-power position monitoring and control system for on-orbit focusing"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8179-8397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leijie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0330026.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3251343","article-title":"Design and fabrication of lenses for the color science cameras aboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover","volume":"48","author":"FT Ghaemi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optical Engineering."},{"key":"pone.0330026.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lammen Y, Reinacher A, Brewster R, Greiner B, Graf F, Krabbe A. 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