{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:53:30Z","timestamp":1792788810903,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lyle Creelman Endowment Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nigeria has the highest sickle cell disease (SCD) prevalence globally. Research indicates that adolescents often utilize non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) to cope with recurrent painful sickle cell crises (SCC) while navigating the complex biopsychosocial challenges of adolescence. This study explored the use and perceived value of NPIs for managing SCC pain from the perspectives of Nigerian adolescents, including their preferred media for NPI educational resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population-based survey targeted adolescents aged 12\u201318 living with SCD in Nigeria. Adolescents were recruited using convenience and snowballing sampling through SCD support groups and were asked to complete a 27-item questionnaire delivered online or on paper. Data were descriptively analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 138 surveys returned, 123 surveys were included in the final analysis. Among the participants, 51% were males with a mean age of 14.85 (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20092.11). Most participants (77%) had used at least one NPI to manage pain during SCC, and 31 different NPIs were reported. The most used NPIs were massage (53%), herbal products (37%) and prayer (30%). Participants described various factors that impacted their use of NPI, including healthcare providers\u2019 disapproval. The most common NPIs that the adolescents plan to use in the future were: herbal products (45%), massage (33%) and prayer (30%). Lastly, respondents preferred to receive NPI education via videos (34%) and animations (20%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study showed that Nigerian adolescents use various NPIs to manage their pain during SCC, including traditional remedies and physical and spiritual interventions. Most participants already used (or planned to use) herbal products and other NPIs with limited scientific evidence of their safety or effectiveness on SCD outcomes. This warrants the attention of clinicians and researchers as there is an urgent need to further explore the specific NPIs used and their effectiveness on SCD outcomes and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0330127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T17:26:20Z","timestamp":1755624380000},"page":"e0330127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adolescents\u2019 perspectives on non-pharmacological pain interventions for sickle cell crisis management: A population-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4059-2250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bukola Mary","family":"Ibitoye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernie","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8253-0686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manon","family":"Ranger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-8052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Stinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0330127.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00118-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and mortality burden of sickle cell disease, 2000\u20132021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"10","author":"AM Thomson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0330127.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00007-3","article-title":"Models of care for sickle cell disease in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a scoping review","volume":"11","author":"L Drown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"pone.0330127.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-131344","article-title":"Advancing Healthcare Outcomes for Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria Using Mobile Health Tools","volume":"134","author":"A Fraiwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0330127.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00216-7","article-title":"Child mortality from sickle cell disease in Nigeria: a model-estimated, population-level analysis of data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey","volume":"8","author":"OE Nnodu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"pone.0330127.ref005","unstructured":"DeBaun MT, Galadanci AN. 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