{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T18:01:08Z","timestamp":1755799268479,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-20-1-0258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-20-1-0258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lower limb orthoses (LLOs) are often prescribed to facilitate mobility in individuals with functional impairments. The Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes \u2013 Mobility (OPRO-M) is a self-report instrument developed recently to measure LLO users\u2019 perceived mobility with an orthosis. An observational, prospective, psychometric validation study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the OPRO-M 12- and 20-item short forms. LLO users were recruited from orthotic clinics across the United States. Participants were administered four self-report instruments (OPRO-M, Orthotic and Prosthetic Users Survey \u2013 Lower Extremity Functional Status, Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System \u2013 Physical Function) and three performance-based instruments (10-meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, and Two-Minute Walk Test) during an in-person assessment. Self-report instruments were re-administered via an online survey sent to participants 7 days later. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing OPRO-M scores to those from co-administered self-report and performance-based instruments. Known groups validity was evaluated by comparing scores from patients grouped by clinician-assigned mobility level. Test-retest reliability was assessed by comparing scores from the in-person and follow-up assessments. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) were derived from test-retest reliability coefficients. A total of 104 LLO users (51% male, mean age\u2009=\u200953 years) completed both assessments. OPRO-M short form scores correlated strongly with those from self-report (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.84\u20130.91) and performance-based (|\u03c1|\u2009=\u20090.73\u20130.83) instruments. OPRO-M short form scores also effectively differentiated all mobility groups except household and limited community ambulators. The OPRO-M short forms showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC\u2009=\u20090.93\u20130.94) and low measurement error (SEM\u2009=\u20092.4\u20132.6, SDC\u2009=\u20095.5\u20136.0). These results provide sound evidence of the OPRO-M short forms\u2019 validity and reliability when used to measure mobility in LLO users. These instruments are promising, population-specific alternatives to generic surveys with psychometric performance comparable to or better than established self-report instruments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0330334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T17:31:48Z","timestamp":1755624708000},"page":"e0330334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes\u2013Mobility (OPRO-M) short forms in lower limb orthosis users"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1087-4647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoffrey S.","family":"Balkman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip 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