{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:19:55Z","timestamp":1783606795909,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016077","name":"Dongguan Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20231800936172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20231800936172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-stroke delirium (PSD) is a critical neuropsychiatric condition affecting up to 50% of elderly patients during hospitalization, often leading to poorer outcomes. Despite its prevalence, PSD remains underrecognized in clinical practice, and national-level studies exploring its risk factors are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the incidence and risk factors associated with PSD in elderly individuals (\u226565 years) using a large, nationally representative dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (2010\u20132019) were analyzed. Elderly patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke were selected, and PSD was defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and hospital variables, identified independent PSD risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1,644,773 elderly stroke patients, the incidence of PSD was 19.5%. PSD occurred in 18.9% of ischemic strokes and 24.7% of hemorrhagic strokes. Patients with PSD were significantly older, with a median age of 79 years, compared to 78 years in those without PSD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). They also experienced prolonged hospital stays (5 days vs. 4 days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), incurred greater hospitalization costs ($44,863 vs. $35,787,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and exhibited a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (12.6% vs. 7.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Major risk factors for PSD include: sepsis (OR = 2.364, 95%CI\u2009=\u20092.329\u20132.400), three or more comorbidities (OR = 2.049, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.984\u20132.116) and fluid\/electrolyte disorders (OR = 1.902, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.886\u20131.918), psychoses (OR = 1.765, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.725\u20131.806).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PSD is frequently observed in elderly stroke patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Advanced age, comorbidities, and stroke-related complications are significant risk factors. These results underscore the importance of developing focused prevention and intervention strategies to enhance outcomes for this high-risk population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0331158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:42:20Z","timestamp":1769798540000},"page":"e0331158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for post-stroke delirium in the elderly: A national inpatient sample (NIS) 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