{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:18:52Z","timestamp":1775467132582,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) is a growing global public health concern, affecting millions of women worldwide. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are no exception to this trend. Mortality rates in GCC nations are still high despite improvements in BC treatment. This article examines the changing picture of BC incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the GCC region from 1990 to 2019 and predictions up to 2030.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Material and method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study, we analyzed BC incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates per 100,000 individuals across different age groups and countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study reveals a significant rise in Age-Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIR) for breast cancer among females in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019, with Oman experiencing the highest increase and Kuwait the highest decrease. Bahrain also saw a significant increase in male Age-standardized death rate (ASDR), despite all other countries experiencing a decrease. Also, the data demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between ASIR and Human Development Index (HDI), evident across all countries. Metabolic risk and tobacco use were identified as primary contributors. A ten-year BC prediction predicts a significant increase in female cases, with Saudi Arabia expected to experience the highest rise.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study underscores the urgent need for improved BC awareness, early detection through screening programs, enhanced access to quality healthcare services, and the addressing of sociocultural barriers in the GCC countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0331198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T17:33:33Z","timestamp":1759772013000},"page":"e0331198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Burden, and trends of breast cancer along with attributable risk factors in Gulf Cooperation Council countries from 1990 to 2019 and its projections"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Majed M.","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba A.","family":"Alkhatabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-2066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Doaa","family":"Aboalola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samkari","family":"Alaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-228X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rawiah A.","family":"Alsiary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10352","key":"pone.0331198.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01438-6","article-title":"The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"400","author":"GBD 2019 Cancer Risk Factors Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0331198.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v11.i4.217","article-title":"Correlation between breast cancer and lifestyle within the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"LTA Tanner","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0331198.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPP.2010.030606","article-title":"Healthcare access, socioeconomic factors and late-stage cancer diagnosis: an exploratory spatial analysis and public policy implication","volume":"5","author":"F Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Public Pol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0331198.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70425-4","article-title":"Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies","volume":"13","author":"Cancer Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0331198.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600124","article-title":"Differential effects of reproductive factors on the risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. 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