{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:41:09Z","timestamp":1785739269932,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020982","name":"Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIU-BARC, NATP-2, Project No. 30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIU-BARC, NATP-2, Project No. 30"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among several <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic> spp., causing diseases in fishes, <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> is the most predominant and pathogenic one. This study represents the first molecular detection, virulence profiling, and antibiogram analysis of <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> isolated from stinging catfishes (shing; <jats:italic>Heteropneustes fossilis<\/jats:italic>) and shark catfishes (pangasius; <jats:italic>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus<\/jats:italic>) in Bangladesh. Whole fish samples (n\u2009=\u2009140) were collected from fish farming areas of Trishal upazila (stinging catfish 50; shark catfish 20) and Muktagachha upazila (stinging catfish 50; shark catfish 20), under Mymensingh district. Isolation and identification were accomplished through cultural, morphological, biochemical and finally, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genus- and species-specific primers, targeting <jats:italic>16S rDNA<\/jats:italic> gene. Out of 140 samples, 38 (27.14%) isolates were found positive for <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> via conventional and PCR. The PCR-based virulence profiling showed that <jats:italic>aer<\/jats:italic>A (44.73%), <jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>A (39.74%), <jats:italic>asa<\/jats:italic>1 (39.47%), <jats:italic>ahy<\/jats:italic>B (60.52%), <jats:italic>act<\/jats:italic> (21.5%), <jats:italic>ast<\/jats:italic> (28.94), <jats:italic>alt<\/jats:italic> (47.36%), <jats:italic>ser<\/jats:italic> (44.73%), <jats:italic>lip<\/jats:italic> (50%), <jats:italic>gcat<\/jats:italic> (23.68%), and <jats:italic>asc<\/jats:italic>V (21.05%) genes were detected, however, no <jats:italic>aex<\/jats:italic>T was detected. Antibiotic susceptibility test (using disc diffusion method) revealed that highest resistance (other than Penicillin Group) against Aztreonam and Cefuroxime (73.68%), and lowest against Gentamicin and Azithromycin (5.26%). MDR was detected in 71.05% isolates, and 92.11% isolates had MAR index\u2009\u2265\u20090.2. Statistically significant associations were observed between phenotypic resistance and specific virulence genes p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05. It could be concluded that MDR and virulent potential <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> are prevalent in stinging and shark catfishes of Mymensingh region, which might be a serious threat to sustainable aquaculture, food safety and public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0331943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:39:28Z","timestamp":1757698768000},"page":"e0331943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Virulence gene profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Aeromonas hydrophila in farmed catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) for the first time in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7684-2074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farjana","family":"Ferdousi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra Benta Rahman","family":"Prapti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6225-4805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alamgir","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-0623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aminur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2390-737X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Shafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Taohidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Alimul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-0747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahbubul Pratik","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0331943.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-021-01246-9","article-title":"The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply","volume":"14","author":"CE Boyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0331943.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2020.01.001","article-title":"The economic contribution of fish and fish trade in Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"MdM Shamsuzzaman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquacul 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