{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T02:51:08Z","timestamp":1773888668565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n e Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n Tecnol\u00c3\u00b3gica","award":["PAPIIT\/ IT201824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT\/ IT201824"]}]},{"name":"Programa Interno de C\u00c3\u00a1tedras de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n","award":["2024 \/ PICI- CI2465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024 \/ PICI- CI2465"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1184738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1184738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to an increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria, necessitating the search for effective alternative therapies to reduce antimicrobial use. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have been explored as an alternative to antibiotics due to their multiple beneficial properties. These bacteria secrete membrane vesicles (MVs), key acellular components in combating pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    MVs co-cultured with\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MVsplE) or\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium (MVsplS) through inhibition assays using disk diffusion on agar plates, as well as their activation and cytokine expression in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The results showed that MVsplE and MVsplS were produced in greater quantity and size than non-co-cultured\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    MVs (MVspl). Additionally, MVsplE and MVsplS exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of enteropathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with these MVs demonstrated that the expression of IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-10 depended on the enteropathogenic strain with which\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was previously co-cultured. Following a challenge with enteropathogenic bacteria, the MVs induced an immunomodulatory response. These findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    MVs exert bactericidal and immunomodulatory effects against enteropathogenic bacteria, suggesting their potential use as an alternative treatment to antimicrobials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0332017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:58:04Z","timestamp":1767812284000},"page":"e0332017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Membrane Vesicles (MVs) exhibit immunomodulatory and bactericidal effects against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7391-3869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristal Dafne","family":"Lonngi Sosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Rodolfo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Ram\u00edrez \u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Vargas Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Muci\u00f1o Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Isabel","family":"Higuera Piedrahita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-3111","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H\u00e9ctor Alejandro","family":"de la Cruz Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisela","family":"Leal Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Alfredo","family":"Cu\u00e9llar Ordaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8786-399X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.14409\/favecv.v4i1\/2.1414","article-title":"Respuesta de ratones inoculados con bacterias l\u00e1cticas de origen bovino a un desaf\u00edo con Salmonella Dublin","volume":"4","author":"LS Frizzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"FAVE Seccion ciencias veterinarias"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref002","article-title":"Disbiosis en la microbiota intestinal","volume":"76","author":"X Moreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista de la Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroenterolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5455\/JPHCM.20240110064652","article-title":"Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, Impact, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevention: A review","volume":"1","author":"M Eissa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pub Health Comm Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0332017.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13233666","article-title":"Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies","volume":"13","author":"\u00c1 Gal\u00e1n-Rela\u00f1o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02722-3","article-title":"The Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Applications in Animal Husbandry","volume":"79","author":"Z Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref006","author":"M Lucena","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0332017.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","article-title":"A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae","volume":"70","author":"J Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref008","author":"M Gullian","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0332017.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2016.1215283","article-title":"Biology and biogenesis of shed microvesicles","volume":"8","author":"C Tricarico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0112-2","article-title":"Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles","volume":"17","author":"M Toyofuku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03847-z","article-title":"Release of Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles and their application as a vaccine platform","volume":"9","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21066","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78121-8","article-title":"Significant increase in the secretion of extracellular vesicles and antibiotics resistance from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by ampicillin stress","volume":"10","author":"SW Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0332017.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00875-5","article-title":"Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles","volume":"21","author":"M Toyofuku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0332017.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jex2.169","article-title":"Growth phase matters: Boosting immunity via Lacticasebacillus-derived membrane vesicles and their interactions with TLR2 pathways","volume":"3","author":"M Sandanusova","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Extracell Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0332017.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3480","article-title":"Through the wall: extracellular vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi","volume":"13","author":"L Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0332017.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12676","article-title":"Environmentally controlled bacterial vesicle-mediated export","volume":"18","author":"N Orench-Rivera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0332017.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3525","article-title":"Outer-membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria: biogenesis and functions","volume":"13","author":"C Schwechheimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0332017.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00433-20","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Functions in Gram-Positive Bacteria","volume":"88","author":"P Briaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0332017.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3837","article-title":"Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles","volume":"15","author":"M Kaparakis-Liaskos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332017.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b21-00924","article-title":"Activation of Host Immune Cells by Probiotic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via TLR2-Mediated Signaling Pathways","volume":"45","author":"M Morishita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17629-7","article-title":"Characterization of extracellular vesicles from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum","volume":"12","author":"A Kurata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00710","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus Membrane Vesicles as a Vehicle of Bacteriocin Delivery","volume":"11","author":"SN Dean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0332017.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.2144\/00295bm11","article-title":"CTAB-mediated purification of PCR products","volume":"29","author":"G Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-157","article-title":"Antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus strains against gas-producing coliforms isolated from colicky infants","volume":"11","author":"F Savino","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref025","author":"V Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.10.027","article-title":"Mannheimia haemolytica A2 secretes different proteases into the culture medium and in outer membrane vesicles","volume":"113","author":"G Ram\u00edrez Rico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128104","article-title":"The applications of Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel natural antibacterial agent for improving quality and safety in tuna fish","volume":"340","author":"B-H Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.18684\/BSAA(15)45-55","article-title":"Capacidad antimicrobiana de bacterias \u00e1cido l\u00e1cticas aut\u00f3ctonas aisladas de queso doble crema y quesillo colombiano","volume":"15","author":"MF Vanegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotecnolog\u00eda en el Sector Agropecuario Agroindustrial"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332017.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20307","article-title":"Checklist for optimization and validation of real-time PCR assays","volume":"23","author":"M Raymaekers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0332017.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0332017.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245296","article-title":"Novel Horizons in Postbiotics: Lactobacillaceae Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Health and Disease","volume":"14","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-Lozano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0332017.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"25","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00491","article-title":"Macrophage cytokines: involvement in immunity and infectious diseases","volume":"5","author":"G Arango Duque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref035","article-title":"Resistencia a los antimicrobianos","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0332017.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051038","article-title":"The Immunomodulatory Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Probiotics: A Novel Approach for the Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"11","author":"JA Molina-Tijeras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332017.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-09-242","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in the feces of wild urban norway and black rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus) from an inner-city neighborhood of vancouver, Canada","volume":"51","author":"CG Himsworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332017.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-016-1201-y","article-title":"Determination of an antimicrobial activity of Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus plantarum against clinical pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in co-culture","volume":"66","author":"N Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0332017.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2018.10.5.516","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"10","author":"MH Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13031","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide HI-3 from Hermetia illucens alleviates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via suppression of the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway","volume":"67","author":"X Xiaoyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00384-y","article-title":"The role of macrophage subtypes and exosomes in immunomodulation","volume":"27","author":"AT Gharavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref042","author":"C \u00c1valos","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939598","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1939598","article-title":"The commensal bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum imprints innate memory-like responses in mononuclear phagocytes","volume":"13","author":"A Pellon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02441","article-title":"Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Induction and Regulation of Innate Immune Memory","volume":"10","author":"S Negi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0332017.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771","article-title":"IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection","volume":"180","author":"KN Couper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01953-x","article-title":"Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-derived outer membrane vesicles enhance immunomodulation and antimicrobial activity in RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"20","author":"R Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332017.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030313","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Activity of Extracellular Vesicles of Kimchi-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Latilactobacillus curvatus, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)","volume":"11","author":"S-H Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793514","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2020.1793514","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles induce anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in vitro","volume":"9","author":"W Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref049","article-title":"Probiotic characteristics and anti-inflammatory properties of an Indian indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum against pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium","author":"P Samanta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaerobic bacteriology, Special bacterial Pathogens and Metagenomics"},{"key":"pone.0332017.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01480-0","article-title":"Salmonella-induced macrophage death: the role of caspase-1 in death and inflammation","volume":"3","author":"DM Monack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0332017.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2293-2301.2001","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium induces cell death in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages by early sipB-dependent and delayed sipB-independent mechanisms","volume":"69","author":"RL Santos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332017.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.1.12","article-title":"IL-10 production is enhanced in human T cells by IL-12 and IL-6 and in monocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"157","author":"PM Daftarian","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0332017.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260726","article-title":"Differential regulation of monocytic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 expression","volume":"26","author":"C Meisel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332017.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3RU1018-378RR","article-title":"M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases","volume":"106","author":"L-X Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0332017.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1184","article-title":"Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword","volume":"3","author":"BB Aggarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0332017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:58:12Z","timestamp":1767812292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0332017"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Guadalupe Virginia","family":"Nev\u00e1rez-Moorill\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0332017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}}}