{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:31:45Z","timestamp":1790742705954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(PNURSP2025R217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(PNURSP2025R217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous experimental investigations conducted on different natural compounds; however, their effectiveness remains insufficient for overcoming the health problems. The effect of ozone on phytochemical characterization of propolis with its biological activities was investigated currently. HPLC showed that ozonized propolis (OP) contains several compounds with high concentrations like hesperetin, rosmarinic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid compared to non-ozonized propolis (NOP). Inhibition zones, killing kinetic time, MID and MBD indicated the effective role of OP against <jats:italic><jats:italic>Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis,<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> besides <jats:italic><jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> compared to NOP<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Low IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value (9.91\u2009\u00b1\u20091.25 \u03bcg\/mL) was attributed to OP while NOP provide IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value 26.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 \u03bcg\/mL as antioxidant agent via DPPH. Inhibition of protein denaturation as a marker of anti-inflammatory was recorded for OP with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 6.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.66 \u03bcg\/mL compared to the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of NOP (11.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.33 \u03bcg\/mL). Caco-2 cells line was inhibited with morphological changes by either OP or NOP, however OP reflected excellent IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.98 \u03bcg\/mL contrast NOP (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 41.43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62 \u03bcg\/mL). Flow cytometric analysis of Caco-2 cells documented the apoptosis caused by propolis particularly NOP. The current study adopts a computational method to investigate the possible antibacterial and anticancer properties of rosmarinic acid and hespertin as main constituents of propolis. Rosmarinic acid and hespertin were docked as ligands against <jats:italic><jats:italic>K. pneumonia<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> (PDB ID: 6T77) and Caco2 cells (PDB ID: 1M17) receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0332224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T17:33:54Z","timestamp":1758130434000},"page":"e0332224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biochemical description of ozonized propolis and its activity against pathogenic microorganisms, cancer cells, and inflammation with molecular docking interaction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Aisha M. 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