{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:53:42Z","timestamp":1791600822235,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS-2013-13-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS-2013-13-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have previously shown that a six-month programme of intradialytic cycling (IDC) improved cardiovascular structure and function, it is unclear whether these changes are associated with long-term benefits. The aim of this post-trial analysis was to evaluate a programme of IDC on all-cause mortality, hospitalisations and cardiovascular events at five-years. Mortality and hospitalisation data were collected from Hospital Episode Statistics and death certificates. Models were fitted unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, duration of dialysis, and receiving a kidney transplant. Cox proportional hazard models were used for time-to-event analysis to evaluate all-cause mortality. Hospitalisations were analysed using a negative binomial regression model, and length of stay using a generalised linear model. A composite outcome of time to first cardiovascular event, combining cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisations, was evaluated using a Cox model. There was no evidence of a statistically significant effect of treatment allocation on survival (hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68\u20131.76, <jats:italic><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.71). After adjustment, results remained non-significant (HR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.74\u20132.01, <jats:italic><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.43). There was no evidence of a significant effect on all-cause hospitalisations for unadjusted (<jats:italic><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20) or adjusted (p\u2009=\u20090.25) models. Similar results are reported for cardiovascular hospitalisations (<jats:italic><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.30 and <jats:italic><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.17). For time to first cardiovascular event there was no evidence of a statistically significant effect (HR 1.39, 95% CI: 0.79\u20132.72, <jats:italic><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.26). The main findings show no evidence that a six-month programme of IDC affected all-cause mortality, hospitalisations, cardiovascular events, or length of stay in hospital at five-years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0332389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:21:57Z","timestamp":1758561717000},"page":"e0332389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of a six-month programme of intradialytic cycling on survival and hospitalisations in people requiring haemodialysis: 5-year follow-up of the CYCLE-HD randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sherna F.","family":"Adenwalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Worboys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lawday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-5408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren R.","family":"Churchward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Highton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M. L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P. 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