{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:41:09Z","timestamp":1791895269171,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to serious complications that negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess glycemic control, HRQoL, and their associated factors in T2DM patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study and was conducted from May 1 to July 30, 2024. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. The average fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of three consecutive tests during follow-up visits were extracted from patient medical records while the data pertaining HRQoL were collected through interview using EQ-5D five-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and EQ visual analog scale (EQ VAS). EQ-5D-5L utility scores were determined using disutility values established for Ethiopian context. The FBG level was used to categorize patients by glycemic status (controlled or uncontrolled). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to outline factors associated with glycemic control. Mann\u2013Whitney U and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests were used to compare the median utility and VAS scores between subgroups. Furthermore, Tobit regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with HRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly half (48.7%) of the patients were with uncontrolled glycemic levels (out of the target 4.4\u221272 mmol\/L). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, disease duration, comorbid conditions, diabetes complications, adherence to antidiabetic medications, and herbal medicine use were associated with glycemic control. Pain\/discomfort, performing usual activities, and anxiety\/depression were HRQoL dimensions in which the majority of participants reported problems; 85.8%, 76.2%, and 74.6% of participants, respectively, reported having problems in the dimensions. The overall median (interquartile range) EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.86 (0.76\u20130.93) while EQ VAS score was 75.0 (65.0\u201380.0). The Tobit regression analysis showed that older age, diabetes duration, comorbid conditions, diabetic complications, and herbal medicine use were significantly negatively associated with HRQoL scores. On the other hand, engagement in physical exercise, controlled glycemic level, and adherence to antidiabetic treatments were found to be positively associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, nearly half of the patients were with uncontrolled glycemic level. The majority of participants reported problems in pain\/discomfort, usual activities, and anxiety\/depression dimensions of HRQoL. Several factors were correlated with both glycemic control and HRQoL. Adherence to antidiabetic medications was positively associated with both glycemic control and HRQoL. In contrast, older age, longer duration of diabetes, presence of comorbidities, diabetic complications, and use of herbal medicine were all negatively associated with both outcomes. On the other hand, adherence to dietary recommendations was positively associated only with glycemic control, while engagement in physical exercise was positively associated only with HRQoL. Moreover, glycemic control was associated with improved HRQoL. The findings underscore the importance of interventions targeting modifiable factors, such as dietary modifications, physical activity, and adherence support, to improve overall glycemic control and HRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0332628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T17:24:25Z","timestamp":1758216265000},"page":"e0332628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of glycemic control, health-related quality of life, and associated factors in type 2 diabetic patients attending a comprehensive specialized hospital in Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-643X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Assefa Belay","family":"Asrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tafere Mulaw","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melshew Fenta","family":"Misker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemante Tafese","family":"Beyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu Semagne","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kidist Goshime","family":"Tekle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonas Zewdu","family":"Milikit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ephrem Adane","family":"Andargie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiwot Tesfaselassie","family":"Afework","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yenatfanta Gezu","family":"Lenjiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebrehiwot Lema","family":"Legese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0332628.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. Diabetes: WHO. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diabetes"},{"issue":"9922","key":"pone.0332628.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62219-9","article-title":"The many faces of diabetes: a disease with increasing heterogeneity","volume":"383","author":"T Tuomi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref003","unstructured":"WHO. Classification of diabetes mellitus: WHO; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/325182"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"P Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","article-title":"Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035","volume":"103","author":"L Guariguata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"NH Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256024","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1256024","article-title":"Determinants of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"KD Tegegne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref008","first-page":"905","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas 8th edition","volume-title":"International diabetes federation","author":"Federation ID","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-021-00910-1","article-title":"Management of Hyperglycemia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"39","author":"GY Gandhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0332628.ref010","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Relationship between the poor glycemic control and risk factors, life style and complications","volume":"28","author":"Y Kayar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0332628.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.22.2440","article-title":"Poor glycemic control in diabetes and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease even in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"168","author":"LD Bash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2020.100056","article-title":"Level of glycemic control and its associated factors among type II diabetic patients in debre tabor general hospital, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"AD Gebermariam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36675-3","article-title":"Poor glycemic control and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"JJ Yahaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276678","article-title":"Factors associated with poor glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gamo and Gofa zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: A case-control study","volume":"18","author":"F Dawite","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref015","first-page":"4360804","article-title":"Effects of Diabetic Complications on Health-Related Quality of Life Impairment in Vietnamese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2020","author":"TB Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2924-y","article-title":"Glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients at Shanan Gibe Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"DM Yigazu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0332628.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.10.6.502","article-title":"Impact of improved glycemic control on quality of life in patients with diabetes","volume":"10","author":"AM Jacobson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0332628.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2008.352","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"28","author":"AH Al-Shehri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref019","first-page":"79","article-title":"Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance","volume":"4","year":"2006","journal-title":"HQL"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000159408.05180.0e","article-title":"The Euro Cardio-QoL Project. An international study to develop a core heart disease health-related quality of life questionnaire, the HeartQoL","volume":"12","author":"N Oldridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.11.006","article-title":"The IDF Diabetes Atlas: providing evidence, raising awareness and promoting action","volume":"87","author":"N Unwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0332628.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0830-5","article-title":"Glycaemic control and quality of life among ethnically diverse Malaysian diabetic patients","volume":"24","author":"AM Daher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0332628.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00009","article-title":"Measuring health-related quality of life","volume":"118","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2020.11.003","article-title":"Predictors of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Status Among Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"24","author":"M Saqlain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Value Health Reg Issues"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0332628.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00009-4","article-title":"The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties","volume":"46","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","article-title":"EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life","volume":"16","author":"Group EuroQol","year":"1990","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00261.x","article-title":"Diabetes-specific or generic measures for health-related quality of life? Evidence from psychometric validation of the D-39 and SF-36","volume":"11","author":"IC Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.12.020","article-title":"Disease-specific health-related quality of life instruments among adults diabetic: A systematic review","volume":"80","author":"Y El Achhab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300404","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1300404","article-title":"Impact of cardiovascular disease on health-related quality of life among older adults in eastern China: evidence from a national cross-sectional survey","volume":"11","author":"L Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2019.08.475","article-title":"Valuing health state: an EQ-5D-5L value set for Ethiopians","volume":"22","author":"AG Welie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Value Health Reg Issues"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0332628.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0034","article-title":"Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"45","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241882","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2023.1241882","article-title":"Poor glycaemic control: prevalence, factors and implications for the care of patients with type 2 diabetes in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"J-P Fina Lubaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Clin Diabetes Healthc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282962","article-title":"Glycemic control and diabetes complications among adult type 2 diabetic patients at public hospitals in Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"AL Dimore","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref034","article-title":"Glycemic targets: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"NA ElSayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S321756","article-title":"Poor Glycemic Control and Its Contributing Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Adama Hospital Medical College in East Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"T Yosef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42774-y","article-title":"Magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"M Dubale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2147-3","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of herbal medicine use among type 2 diabetic patients in Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"AB Mekuria","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref038","article-title":"Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/097206341001200204","article-title":"Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Management","volume":"12","author":"R Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667","article-title":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group","volume":"28","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0332628.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251506","article-title":"Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"S Nigussie","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13673-5","article-title":"Glycemic control and its associated factors in type 2 diabetes patients at Felege Hiwot and Debre Markos Referral Hospitals","volume":"12","author":"NG Shita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000828","article-title":"Patterns of glycaemic control and associated factors among adult patients with diabetes attending medical referral clinics in two public hospitals in North-West Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2","author":"H Kassahun","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01795-y","article-title":"Glycemic control and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Southwest Ethiopia: a prospective observational study","volume":"24","author":"AW Garedo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref045","article-title":"Diabetes knowledge and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients at public hospitals in Debre Berhan, Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"GD Lema","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0332628.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15226\/2374-6890\/3\/6\/00162","article-title":"Factors Associated With Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Mathari National Teaching Hospital, Nairobi Kenya","volume":"3","author":"NJ Nduati","year":"2016","journal-title":"JED"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2022.8696","article-title":"Poor Glycaemic Control and its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Southern Part of Peninsular Malaysia: A Registry-based Study","volume":"10","author":"N Amsah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S156214","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"RA Alzaheb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3423-5","article-title":"Factors associated with glycemic control among diabetic adult out-patients in Northeast Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"T Fiseha","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247634","article-title":"Magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among patients with diabetes attending public hospitals of Western Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"A Oluma","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469580231155716","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231155716","article-title":"Prevalence of Glycemic Control and Factors Associated With Poor Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"ZW Bitew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2023.100265","article-title":"Factors associated with glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ho, Ghana: A cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"SK Alor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21828-y","article-title":"Poor glycemic control and its predictors among people living with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"AW Azagew","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref054","unstructured":"Gray A, Threlkeld RJ. Nutritional recommendations for individuals with diabetes. 2015."},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087437","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1087437","article-title":"Determinants of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study","volume":"14","author":"GL Legese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2021.100120","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use among adult diabetes mellitus patients at government hospital, Ethiopia: An institutional-based cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"ZD Kifle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100311","article-title":"Herbal medicine use and its impact on glycemic control among diabetes patients at governmental hospitals in Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"GD Lema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabol Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264199","article-title":"Health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"GT Gebremariam","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-017-0056-x","article-title":"Evaluation of Health Status of Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients Receiving Care in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"MO Adibe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0332628.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02462-0","article-title":"Measurement of health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus using EQ-5D-5L in Hong Kong, China","volume":"29","author":"ELY Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49322-8","article-title":"Assessing health-related quality of life of people with diabetes in Nigeria using the EQ-5D-5L: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"IL Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-023-02183-1","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-1277-8","article-title":"The quality of life of the patients with diabetes type 2 using EQ-5D-5\u2009L in Birjand","volume":"18","author":"MR Abedini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0332628.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044526","article-title":"Health related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran: a national survey","volume":"7","author":"M Javanbakht","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-025-02340-8","article-title":"Measuring the quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy in northern India: a comparison of generic and vision specific instruments","volume":"23","author":"N Purohit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2006.00080.x","article-title":"Measurement of HRQL using EQ-5D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan","volume":"9","author":"H Sakamaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0332628.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02105-z","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients measured with the Bahasa version of EQ-5D","volume":"28","author":"B Arifin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0332628.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1244-6","article-title":"Evaluation of health utility values for diabetic complications, treatment regimens, glycemic control and other subjective symptoms in diabetic patients using the EQ-5D-5L","volume":"56","author":"M Takahara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0332628.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2011.35.6.587","article-title":"The relationship between diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life in Korean adults: the fourth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2007-2009)","volume":"35","author":"YJ Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1187-9","article-title":"Impact of type 2 diabetes treated with non-insulin medication and number of diabetes-coexisting diseases on EQ-5D-5\u2009L index scores in the Finnish population","volume":"17","author":"K Jalkanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0332628.ref071","first-page":"438","article-title":"Adherence to therapy and quality of life in hypertensive patients","volume":"54","author":"M Mollao\u011flu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1212-z","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and glycaemic control among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes - a nationwide cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"M Svedbo Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0332628.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10182","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and associated factors among type 2 diabetic adult patients in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"TE Wonde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pone.0332628.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159456","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/1159456","article-title":"Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease Patients at a Teaching Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"2025","author":"AB Asrie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0332628.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895777","article-title":"Physical activity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy relationships in older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"E McAuley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0332628.ref076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical activity, mood and the functioning of daily living A longitudinal study among former elite athletes and referents in middle and old age","volume":"48","author":"HM B\u00e4ckmand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0332628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T17:24:39Z","timestamp":1758216279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0332628"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Magni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0332628","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]}}}