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This research presents a robust algorithm for motion detection in fully dynamic scenarios, utilizing the macro block technique to generate motion vectors, followed by motion vector analysis to classify distinct types of motion. These include camera motion, object motion, background motion, and complex motion, where both background and foreground move simultaneously. By segmenting and categorizing these motion types, the proposed approach improves detection precision in cluttered, real-world environments. Furthermore, the algorithm adapts to lighting variations and is independent of specific sensor setups. Moreover, the high agreement with human judgment, achieving a 90% accuracy rate, underscores the model\u2019s robustness and potential applicability in real-world scenarios where dynamic backgrounds are prevalent. This establishes a framework for future research in dynamic motion detection and classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T18:37:19Z","timestamp":1768243039000},"page":"e0333191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust motion detection and classification in real-life scenarios using motion vectors"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sameed Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irshad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wajahat","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Altaf","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4761-0346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tariq","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8477-8319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad Ali","family":"Alzubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7095-3831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Insaf","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333191.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-024-01765-7","article-title":"Exploring the role of computer vision in product design and development: a comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Interact Des Manuf."},{"key":"pone.0333191.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suma KG, Patil P, Sunitha G, Mantri VP, Kale ND. 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