{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:16:02Z","timestamp":1759191362019,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, but its hesitancy still poses a challenge in achieving acceptable coverage. This study was designed to assess the level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and identify its influencing factors among healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test of independence, and multiple logistic regression were assessed from the data collected using Stata version 14 software.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A response rate of 78.55% (n\u2009=\u2009216\/275) was recorded. The majority of the participants were females (n\u2009=\u2009135, 62.50%), aged between 20\u201339 years (n\u2009=\u2009204, 94.44%), and were nurses\/ midwives (n\u2009=\u2009140, 64.81%) followed by medical doctors (n\u2009=\u200943, 19.91%).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 19.91% and the commonly cited reasons for this were apathy (n\u2009=\u20098\/43, 18.60%) followed by the belief of not being at risk of infection with the virus (n\u2009=\u20097\/43, 16.28%). Hesitancy was reduced by participant\u2019s knowledge of the vaccine effectiveness (aOR= 0.01; CI 95%: 0.001\u20130.0996; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), COVID-19 training (aOR= 0.34; CI 95%: 0.13\u20130.85; p\u2009=\u20090.022), having a past vaccination history (aOR= 0.18, CI 95%: 0.07\u20130.45; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and increased by those with the view that vaccine intake should be voluntary (aOR= 3.28; CI 95%: 1.08\u201310.01; p\u2009=\u20090.037).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was recorded among healthcare workers in this teaching hospital with apathy and belief of no risk to being infected by the virus as commonly cited reasons for this. This is a concern as healthcare workers are expected to be well-informed of the benefits and risks of vaccination. Continuous education on vaccine safety and efficacy can improve vaccine uptake among this population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T17:22:08Z","timestamp":1759166528000},"page":"e0333412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Ghana: A cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-0519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Israel Abebrese","family":"Sefah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perry","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Araba","family":"Hutton-Nyameaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-5454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Yamoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Baiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Bangalee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0333412.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.02.034","article-title":"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)","volume":"76","author":"C Sohrabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333412.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1826315","article-title":"Reported quality of life in countries with cases of COVID19: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"ME Melo-Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333412.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4103\/aihb.aihb_82_21","article-title":"COVID-19, health care and self-medication issues in resource-limited settings: Findings and implications based on experiences in Ghana","volume":"11","author":"IA Sefah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Hum Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333412.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/basr.12219","article-title":"Catastrophic impact of Covid\u201019 on the global stock markets and economic activities","volume":"127","author":"EK Chowdhury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus Soc Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333412.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2020.1783198","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"57","author":"M Ciotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Laborat Sci"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref006","unstructured":"WHO. WHO COVID-19 dashboard. WHO Data. 2024."},{"issue":"10234","key":"pone.0333412.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30763-7","article-title":"Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"395","author":"G Yamey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0256","article-title":"Control and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective","volume":"44","author":"JH Ellwanger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333412.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2022.100699","article-title":"Effect of vaccination patterns and vaccination rates on the spread and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Y-T Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Policy Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0333412.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050736","article-title":"Percentages of Vaccination Coverage Required to Establish Herd Immunity against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"10","author":"P Plans-Rubi\u00f3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333412.ref011","article-title":"Herd Immunity to Fight Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review","volume":"15","author":"YN Suryawanshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0333412.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13543","article-title":"Challenges of vaccination and herd immunity in COVID-19 and management strategies","volume":"16","author":"J She","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333412.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v1i3.57","article-title":"Global acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination: A narrative review","volume":"1","author":"W Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Narra J"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.02.025","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19","volume":"194","author":"G Troiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333412.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020160","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates","volume":"9","author":"M Sallam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0333412.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.036","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants","volume":"33","author":"NE MacDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0333412.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.037","article-title":"Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool","volume":"33","author":"HJ Larson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-016-0062-y","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: understanding better to address better","volume":"5","author":"D Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333412.ref019","first-page":"9998176","article-title":"Acceptability of COVID\u201019 vaccination among health care workers in Ghana","volume":"2021","author":"MW Agyekum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0333412.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257109","article-title":"Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021","volume":"16","author":"AT Angelo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333412.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2021.0023","article-title":"Perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive vaccination among health workers in Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"OA Adejumo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333412.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2021.10.2.183","article-title":"A nationwide survey of the potential acceptance and determinants of COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana","volume":"10","author":"E Lamptey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Vacc Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333412.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00357-5","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the adult population in Ghana: evidence from a pre-vaccination rollout survey","volume":"49","author":"RK Alhassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333412.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4314\/gmj.v56i3.4","article-title":"Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among healthcare professionals in the Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana","volume":"56","author":"MN Asumah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0333412.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268711","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"M Ackah","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333412.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-00984-3","article-title":"The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers","volume":"46","author":"N Biswas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333412.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2021.09.015","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy concerns: Findings from a Ghana clinical radiography workforce survey","volume":"28","author":"BO Botwe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0333412.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8836","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168836","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the Public in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Survey","volume":"18","author":"J Alibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0333412.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1950506","article-title":"Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"17","author":"AIO Yahia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S276771","article-title":"Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based National Survey","volume":"13","author":"M Al-Mohaithef","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333412.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080936","article-title":"Assessing the Level and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence in Kenya","volume":"9","author":"S Orangi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333412.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00012-8","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics","volume":"6","author":"M Schwarzinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref033","article-title":"Examining drivers of covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ghana: the roles of political allegiance, misinformation beliefs, and sociodemographic factors","volume":"2022","author":"K Brackstone","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0333412.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000509","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on complicated malaria admissions and outcomes in the paediatric Ho Teaching Hospital of the Volta Region of Ghana","volume":"2","author":"VN Orish","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333412.ref035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infections of the skin among children in HO Teaching Hospital of the Volta Region, Ghana","volume":"7","author":"DM Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Access Libr J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333412.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080814","article-title":"Examining Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of the Knowledge and Attitudes among Adults to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Ghana","volume":"9","author":"T Acheampong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333412.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1949291","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa: how can we maximize uptake of COVID-19 vaccines?","volume":"20","author":"S Cooper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Rev Vacc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0333412.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13917","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy of the COVID\u201019 by health care personnel","volume":"75","author":"S Kose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333412.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060662","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Japan","volume":"9","author":"R Okubo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333412.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28156","article-title":"Prevalence and factors related to COVID\u201019 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"95","author":"JM Cenat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333412.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2022.2053677","article-title":"Global prevalence of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"M Nikpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Rev Vacc"},{"key":"pone.0333412.ref042","article-title":"Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots","author":"J Wise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333412.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081349","article-title":"Global Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"C Pires","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333412.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081356","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Potential Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"JK Fajar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0333412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T17:22:14Z","timestamp":1759166534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0333412"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mubarick Nungbaso","family":"Asumah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0333412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}}}