{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:47:10Z","timestamp":1790729230695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mosquitoes are the primary vectors that transmit diseases affecting humans. Chemical interventions for mosquito management have caused harm to humans, beneficial organisms, and the environment. Hence, researchers are diverting their interest to comparatively safer botanicals. The tobacco plant (\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana tabacum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) is known to contain nicotine and other diverse bioactive phytochemicals with insecticidal properties. The current study aims to repurpose nicotine-containing cigarette butt waste (CBW), a widespread environmental pollutant that poses ecological and economic challenges due to its persistent and toxic chemical components, as friendly insecticides. The study evaluated the methanol and aqueous extracts from tobacco leaves (\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana tabacum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) and cigarette butts (CBs) of various brands against the larvae of\n                    <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    under field and laboratory conditions and their effects on non-target organisms. Tobacco leaves methanol extracts exhibited higher larvicidal activity (98.0\u2013100%, at 500\u2009ppm) than aqueous extracts (96.0\u2013100%, at 2000\u2009ppm). The methanol extracts of Merit CBs (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200915.45\u2009ppm) demonstrated greatest effectiveness against\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae, while the methanol extracts of Cleopatra CBs (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200925.71\u2009ppm) were found to be more effective against\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    24 hours post-treatment. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts of LM cigarette butts (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200961.22 and 68.14\u2009ppm) were recorded as most potent against\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae than other CBs. Interestingly, the oviposition activity was higher and positive in CB-treated blackish color cups than that in control water. Field trial data showed 95% and 84% larval reduction with respective Merit CB and tobacco leaves methanol extracts 24\u2009h post-treatment, with persistence for 6 and 3 days, respectively. GC-MS analyses showed a higher number of terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in CB extracts. The 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)-, hexadecen-1-ol, phytol, and docosane were the main identified phytochemical compounds. Our findings demonstrate that tobacco and CBs extracts are effective larvicides and represent eco-friendly alternatives for mosquito control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:26:04Z","timestamp":1762539964000},"page":"e0333549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Field and laboratory assessment of larvicidal activity of tobacco plants and the cigarette butt waste on Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) L. and non-target organisms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Baz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser A.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah Abdel","family":"Gawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed E.","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moustafa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Alruhaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hattan S.","family":"Gattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reham M.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim E.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0211-2853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdelfattah","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer M.","family":"Alkhaibari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahlam F.","family":"Moharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0333549.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.01.007","article-title":"Insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus","volume":"96","author":"V Prajapati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333549.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2019.17632.1104","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in dogs","volume":"37","author":"A Selim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Benha Veterinary Medical Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0333549.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104171","article-title":"Optimized adsorption and effective disposal of Congo red dye from wastewater: Hydrothermal fabrication of MgAl-LDH nanohydrotalcite-like materials","volume":"15","author":"MA Farghali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333549.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20932","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00449-6","article-title":"West Nile virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors among horses in Egypt","volume":"11","author":"A Selim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333549.ref005","first-page":"174","article-title":"Larvicidal activity of Lantana camara aculeata against three important mosquito species","volume":"3","author":"P Hemalatha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies"},{"key":"pone.0333549.ref006","volume-title":"Evaluation of genetically modified mosquitoes for the control of vector-borne diseases: position statement, October 2020. 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