{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:30:58Z","timestamp":1759883458887,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research","award":["KFU253068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU253068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the seroprevalence of <jats:italic><jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> in buffaloes across several governorates in Egypt\u2019s Nile Delta. No significant variation was observed between regions (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), although the highest prevalence was recorded in Kafr El-Sheikh (15.5%) and the lowest in Menofia (9.1%). While sex was not statistically significant, females showed a higher seroprevalence (12.4%) than males (9%). Age had a significant impact, with buffaloes over 8 years of age showed a higher prevalence (21.6%) compared to the younger age groups. Tick infestation was also significantly associated with infection, with a prevalence of 22.4% in infested animals. Buffaloes exposed to communal grazing (13.8%) or kept in contact with small ruminants (16.3%) showed increased seropositivity. Notably, animals with a history of abortion had a markedly higher prevalence (26.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age above 8 years (OR = 6.7), tick infestation (OR = 3.0), contact with small ruminants (OR = 3.0), and abortion history (OR = 3.2) as significant risk factors. Communal grazing (OR = 1.9) and age between 5 and 8 years (OR = 2.2) were also associated with increased odds of seropositivity. These findings highlight key epidemiological factors contributing to <jats:italic><jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> infection risk in buffaloes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T17:27:24Z","timestamp":1759858044000},"page":"e0333680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors influencing Coxiella burnetii seropositivity in water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations of Egypt\u2019s Nile 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