{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:52:34Z","timestamp":1792461154859,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red-eared sliders (RES; <jats:italic><jats:italic>Trachemys scripta elegans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>) are a globally invasive species that can impact native chelonian populations through resource competition and disease introduction. In Cook County, Illinois, invasive RES co-occur with, and greatly outnumber, a species of conservation priority in the Great Lakes region: the Blanding\u2019s turtle (<jats:italic><jats:italic>Emydoidea blandingii<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>). This study sampled free-ranging RES in Cook County during spring, summer, and fall in four unique locations to characterize the possible effect of this non-native species on the health of regional, sympatric, aquatic chelonians. RES (n\u2009=\u2009242) were captured and sampled for qPCR pathogen detection, clinical pathology, and necropsy from 2018 to 2022. Multiple pathogens were detected, including <jats:italic><jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> spp., multiple adenoviruses, <jats:italic><jats:italic>Trachemys<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> herpesvirus 1 (TrHV-1), frog virus 3, human-pathogenic <jats:italic><jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic><jats:italic>Emydomyces testavorans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic><jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic><jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> spp. prevalence was significantly higher (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) at one isolated site with a suspected greater density of turtles. Detection of TrHV-1 was significantly associated with season (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with detections occurring only in spring and fall. For the 28 hematology, plasma biochemistry, and protein electrophoresis analytes assayed, significant and variable associations occurred based on sample year, season, pathogen detection, age, and sex. Population-based reference intervals were created for hematologic, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis analytes. Common necropsy findings included mild endoparasitism and related vascular lesions such as endarteritis. Notably, qPCR detection of above pathogens was not associated with any gross or histologic lesions indicative of clinically relevant disease. This study indicates that invasive RES in Cook County may be infected with pathogens of concern for co-occurring turtle species, and absence of associated lesions in the RES suggests they likely serve as carrier species for these pathogens. Continued health monitoring of this species is important as interactions with chelonians of conservation priority increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T17:25:48Z","timestamp":1759771548000},"page":"e0333786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Health assessment of non-native red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and their impact potential on native species"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4262-5450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John 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C.","family":"Allender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0333786.ref001","article-title":"100 of the world\u2019s worst invasive alien species: a selection from the global invasive species database","volume-title":"Invasive Species Specialist Group","author":"S Lowe","year":"2000"},{"key":"pone.0333786.ref002","first-page":"211","article-title":"Current distribution and status of amphibians and reptiles in Cook County, Illinois","volume":"92","author":"TG Anton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science"},{"key":"pone.0333786.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.03.001","article-title":"Juvenile invasive red-eared slider turtles negatively impact the growth of native turtles: Implications for global freshwater turtle 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