{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:44:22Z","timestamp":1788972262326,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study assessed the concurrent validity and between-device reliability of the Catapult Vector S8 GNSS device for measuring distance, speed, acceleration and banded distance metrics. Twelve male sub-elite team sport athletes completed a testing protocol consisting of linear sprints, change of direction drills and a modified small-sided game. Validity was evaluated against criterion reference systems, a VICON motion capture system for most trials and a Stalker ATS radar for 50 m sprints, evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias. Between-device reliability was assessed using interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and typical error (TE%). The Vector S8 demonstrated good validity with minimal errors for instantaneous distance (RMSE: 0.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 m), speed (RMSE: 0.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 m\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and acceleration (RMSE: 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14 m\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). No overall bias was detected for instantaneous distance and speed, and the bias for acceleration (\u22120.016) was minimal. Accumulated distance showed a small underestimation across trials (mean bias \u22121.42%), with consistently low RMSE values (0.26\u20133.06 m), indicating high measurement precision. The 50 m sprint results showed similar validity, with minimal RMSE for instantaneous speed (0.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 m\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and acceleration (0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22 m\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Between device reliability demonstrated excellent agreement across all measured variables (ICC\u2009\u2265\u20090.95) with good precision (TE as CV\u2009&lt;\u20093.13%). No significant systematic bias was observed between devices for any variable (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). This is the first study to validate the Catapult Vector S8 GNSS device, demonstrating that it is valid and reliable for measuring distance, speed and acceleration during sport-specific movements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:46:55Z","timestamp":1761846415000},"page":"e0333792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Concurrent validity and between-device reliability of the Catapult Vector S8 GNSS device"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1336-8560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susanne","family":"Ellens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Codey","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Varley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333792.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.12.004","article-title":"The validity of raw custom-processed global navigation satellite systems data during straight-line sprinting across multiple days","volume":"27","author":"ZL Crang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0333792.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2022.2054535","article-title":"Techniques to derive and clean acceleration and deceleration data of athlete tracking technologies in team sports: A scoping review","volume":"40","author":"S Ellens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333792.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00332-8","article-title":"The Quantification of Acceleration Events in Elite Team Sport: a Systematic Review","volume":"7","author":"RIM Delves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333792.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2023.2229281","article-title":"Monitoring the physical demands of training in Rugby League: the practices and perceptions of practitioners","volume":"8","author":"S Hudson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Med Footb"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0333792.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0331","article-title":"Training Load and Player Monitoring in High-Level Football: Current Practice and Perceptions","volume":"11","author":"R Akenhead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0236","article-title":"Unpacking the Black Box: Applications and Considerations for Using GPS Devices in Sport","volume":"12","author":"JJ Malone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333792.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000794","article-title":"Validation methods for global and local positioning-based athlete monitoring systems in team sports: a scoping review","volume":"6","author":"LS Luteberget","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01288","article-title":"The Validity and Between-Unit Variability of GNSS Units (STATSports Apex 10 and 18 Hz) for Measuring Distance and Peak Speed in Team Sports","volume":"9","author":"M Beato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333792.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.627941","article-title":"Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring instantaneous velocity during acceleration, deceleration, and constant motion","volume":"30","author":"MC Varley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333792.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","article-title":"Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science","volume":"30","author":"WG Hopkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333792.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.11.044","article-title":"The inter-device reliability of global navigation satellite systems during team sport movement across multiple days","volume":"25","author":"ZL Crang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0333792.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001221","article-title":"The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning Systems in Team Sport: A Brief Review","volume":"30","author":"MTU Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref013","volume-title":"Reliability","author":"P O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333792.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01399-1","article-title":"The Validity and Reliability of Wearable Microtechnology for Intermittent Team Sports: A Systematic Review","volume":"51","author":"ZL Crang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.24425\/mms.2022.138549","article-title":"Experimental studies on the relationship between HDOP and position error in the GPS system","author":"M Specht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metrology and Measurement Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0333792.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.504783","article-title":"Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring distance travelled in field-based team sports","volume":"28","author":"AJ Gray","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0333792.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.031","article-title":"Accuracy of non-differential GPS for the determination of speed over ground","volume":"37","author":"TH Witte","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0333792.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.942687","article-title":"Integrating different tracking systems in football: multiple camera semi-automatic system, local position measurement and GPS technologies","volume":"32","author":"M Buchheit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333792.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000285","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of GPS devices for measurement of sports-specific movement patterns related to cricket, tennis, and field-based team sports","volume":"28","author":"WM Vickery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333792.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.328","article-title":"The validity and reliability of GPS units for measuring distance in team sport specific running patterns","volume":"5","author":"D Jennings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0333792.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199519","article-title":"Validation of electronic performance and tracking systems EPTS under field conditions","volume":"13","author":"D Linke","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333792.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1427796","article-title":"Accuracy, intra- and inter-unit reliability, and comparison between GPS and UWB-based position-tracking systems used for time-motion analyses in soccer","volume":"18","author":"A Bastida Castillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref023","unstructured":"FIFA quality programme for electronic performance & tracking systems - Test manual 2025. 2025. https:\/\/inside.fifa.com\/innovation\/standards\/epts"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333792.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200003000-00014","article-title":"Assessment of speed of human locomotion using a differential satellite global positioning system","volume":"32","author":"Y Schutz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148","volume-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"DA Winter","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref026","volume-title":"Stalker ATS II Owner\u2019s Manual","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333792.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0273","article-title":"Interunit reliability and effect of data-processing methods of global positioning systems","volume":"14","author":"HR Thornton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333792.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0534","article-title":"Methodological considerations when quantifying high-intensity efforts in team sport using global positioning system technology","volume":"12","author":"MC Varley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0333792.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134383","article-title":"Effect of data-processing methods on acceleration summary metrics of GNSS devices in elite australian football","volume":"24","author":"S Ellens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0333792.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2022.2051332","article-title":"Applying common filtering processes to Global Navigation Satellite System-derived acceleration during team sport locomotion","volume":"40","author":"RIM Delves","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0333792.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003157","article-title":"The validity of a global navigation satellite system for quantifying small-area team-sport movements","volume":"33","author":"JA Delaney","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref032","volume-title":"Time and Frequency Analysis of Signals and Systems","author":"JR Buck","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333792.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12283-025-00509-4","article-title":"Validation of a laser device for assessing high-speed running in an outdoor team sport setting","volume":"28","author":"GM Duthie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Eng"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00115","article-title":"Validity of the catapult clearsky T6 local positioning system for team sports specific drills, in indoor conditions","volume":"9","author":"LS Luteberget","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0333792.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10573","DOI":"10.3390\/app142210573","article-title":"Accuracy of GNSS-derived acceleration data for dynamic team sport movements: a comparative study of smoothing techniques","volume":"14","author":"S Ellens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333792.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230179","article-title":"Football-specific validity of TRACAB\u2019s optical video tracking systems","volume":"15","author":"D Linke","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333792.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199826040-00002","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine","volume":"26","author":"G Atkinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref038","volume-title":"Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice","author":"LG Portney","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0333792.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.08.005","article-title":"The acceleration dependent validity and reliability of 10 Hz GPS","volume":"17","author":"R Akenhead","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0333792.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318216ea37","article-title":"Technical ability of force application as a determinant factor of sprint performance","volume":"43","author":"J-B Morin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110524","article-title":"Individual acceleration-speed profile in-situ: A proof of concept in professional football players","volume":"123","author":"J-B Morin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333792.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0566","article-title":"Concurrent validity of GPS for deriving mechanical properties of sprint acceleration","volume":"12","author":"R Nagahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333792.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004961","article-title":"Concurrent validity and interunit reliability of 25-Hz GNSS units for profiling sprinting performance","volume":"39","author":"L Dennison","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0333792.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0339","article-title":"Concurrent validity and reliability of sprinting force-velocity profile assessed with GPS devices in elite athletes","volume":"17","author":"P Clavel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0333792.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924294","article-title":"Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer","volume":"28","author":"V Di Salvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0333792.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0333792.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0529","article-title":"Comparing global positioning system and global navigation satellite system measures of team-sport movements","volume":"13","author":"BM Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0333792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:47:03Z","timestamp":1761846423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0333792"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zeki","family":"Akyildiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0333792","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}}}