{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:57:48Z","timestamp":1791943068770,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a paucity of studies applying Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for longitudinal analysis of smoking cessation outcomes within the framework of a cluster randomized trial, especially among tuberculosis (TB) patients. In this study, a GEE model which accounts for repeated measures and cluster-level effects was implemented to identify factors associated with smoking cessation among TB patients. The data included 375 TB patients who were smokers and given TB treatment during 2013\u20132016 in Kanchipuram and Villupuram districts under a cluster randomized trial. GEE modeling provided robust, population-averaged estimates while accounting for intra-cluster correlation, confirming the sustained impact of these interventions. The model demonstrated that smoking cessation interventions, when integrated with TB treatment, had an impact on cessation outcomes in these populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:25:55Z","timestamp":1760117155000},"page":"e0333992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Generalized estimating equations for modeling cluster randomized trial data on smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0390-346X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasantha","family":"Mahalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9040-4659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ratnakar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh Kumar","family":"Santhanakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adhin","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-6424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ponnuraja","family":"Chinnaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333992.ref001","first-page":"219","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and its relation to pulmonary tuberculosis in adults","volume":"35","author":"N Ariyothai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0333992.ref002","first-page":"430","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of smoking and tuberculosis: a study of 13,038 cases","volume":"9","author":"MN Altet-G\u00f4mez","year":"2005","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0333992.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26990-5","article-title":"Impact of nicotine replacement therapy as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment and behaviour change counselling in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: an open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0333992.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001292.pub2","article-title":"Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation","author":"T Lancaster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0333992.ref005","volume-title":"WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, fourth edition","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0333992.ref006","unstructured":"Central TB Division. 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