{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:14:18Z","timestamp":1784596458134,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Companion Animal Fund, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sedation is frequently required in dogs for diagnostic workups and patient safety. Yet, sedation affects serum cortisol levels; butorphanol elevates cortisol, while dexmedetomidine reduces it dose dependently. Understanding the duration of sedation\u2019s impact on cortisol concentration is important.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Hypothesis\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate serum cortisol at time 0 and 6-hours post-administration of intravenous (IV) saline (0.5 mL), butorphanol (0.3\u2009mg\/kg) and combination of butorphanol and dexmedetomidine (0.3\u2009mg\/kg and 5 \u00b5g\/kg, respectively). Additionally, to compare post-adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cortisol concentration at 7 hours after these treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>12 healthy, castrated, colony beagles<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Randomized, controlled, repeated-measure crossover design with a one-week washout between treatments. Serum cortisol was measured at time 0 (T<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) and 6-hours (T<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>) post-IV administration of saline (0.5 mL), butorphanol (0.3\u2009mg\/kg), or combination butorphanol and dexmedetomidine (0.3\u2009mg\/kg and 5 \u00b5g\/kg, respectively). An ACTH-stimulation test was performed at 6-hours post-treatments. Cortisol concentrations were compared with a mixed model analysis with treatment and time as fixed factors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mean (\u00b1 standard deviation) serum cortisol concentration was not significantly different at T<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> following saline (T<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> 1.47\u2009\u00b1\u20091.12; T<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> 0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29 \u00b5g\/dL) butorphanol (0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41; 0.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.38 \u00b5g\/dL) and combination butorphanol and dexmedetomidine (0.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.43; 1.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 \u00b5g\/dL) (p\u2009=\u20090.29). There was no significant difference in post-ACTH cortisol for saline, butorphanol, or combination treatment (8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.25; 8.66\u2009\u00b1\u20092.26; 8.46\u2009\u00b1\u20091.83 \u00b5g\/dL, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.84)<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In healthy dogs following treatment with the aforementioned protocols, cortisol concentration returns to baseline by 6 hours. An ACTH stimulation test started 6-hours post-treatment is not affected by these drug protocols. Additional studies are needed in dogs with adrenal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:35:16Z","timestamp":1760031316000},"page":"e0334096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Duration of sedation effects on the ACTH stimulation test in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jake","family":"Salzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2284-906X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shelly","family":"Olin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Esteller-Vico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7329-683X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Giori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0334096.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12192","article-title":"Diagnosis of spontaneous canine hyperadrenocorticism: 2012 ACVIM consensus statement (small animal)","volume":"27","author":"EN Behrend","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0334096.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105342","article-title":"Diagnosis of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. 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