{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:39:31Z","timestamp":1778128771892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP 24K14384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 24K14384"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the discontinuation of the conventional Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) import in Japan, a domestically manufactured version with identical assessment protocols but modified equipment was developed. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed ARAT and compare it with the conventional ARAT in patients with stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center cross-sectional study enrolled 64 patients with stroke and hemiparesis who met predefined inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to a reliability validation (n\u2009=\u200933) or criterion validity validation (n\u2009=\u200931) group. The reliability group underwent duplicate assessments with the new ARAT at 15-min intervals, with video recording for independent inter-rater evaluation. The validity group received the new and conventional ARAT assessments in randomized order. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients with Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Box and Block Test (BBT), grip strength, Motor Activity Log (MAL), and Jikei Assessment Scale for Motor Impairment in Daily Living (JASMID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intra-rater reliability demonstrated excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.997\u20131.000, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.995\u20131.000) across all subscales and total scores. Inter-rater reliability showed equally excellent agreement (ICC: 0.979\u20130.999, 95% CI: 0.963\u20130.999). Bland\u2013Altman analysis revealed limits of agreement within clinically acceptable ranges for all measures. The new ARAT demonstrated very strong convergent validity with FMA-UE (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.934,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and BBT (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.917,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and moderate-to-strong correlations with grip strength (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.683,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), MAL subscales (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.610\u20130.666,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and JASMID subscales (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.806\u20130.808,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The new ARAT demonstrates measurement properties equivalent to the conventional version with excellent reliability and strong criterion-related validity. Its robust convergent validity with established upper limb assessments supports its clinical utility for comprehensive stroke rehabilitation evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:40:47Z","timestamp":1774374047000},"page":"e0334199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reliability and validity of a newly developed Action Research Arm Test for upper limb function assessment in patients with stroke: A comparison with the conventional 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factors, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","author":"GBD S collaborators","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0334199.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD","article-title":"Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke","volume":"34","author":"G Kwakkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0334199.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170706.13595.4f","article-title":"Factors influencing stroke survivors\u2019 quality of life during subacute recovery","volume":"36","author":"DS 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Fern\u00e1ndez-Solana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0334199.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07891-0","article-title":"Italian translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS) for individuals post-stroke","volume":"46","author":"G Galeoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0334199.ref014","first-page":"5416560","article-title":"Translation and Initial Validation of the Chinese Version of the Action Research Arm Test in People with Stroke","volume":"2019","author":"J-L Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0334199.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4471","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2153177","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Action Research Arm Test using decision rules for skipping items in 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