{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T01:16:58Z","timestamp":1785028618627,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00c3fico e Tecnol\u00c3\u00b3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302069\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302069\/2022-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programa Inova Fiocruz","award":["VPPCB-008-FIO-18-2- 80"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPCB-008-FIO-18-2- 80"]}]},{"name":"Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Inicia\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o Cient\u00c3fica da Funda\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o Oswaldo Cruz"},{"name":"Funda\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o de Amparo \u00c3\u00a0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that significantly affects patients\u2019 physical, psychological, and social well-being. Although previous studies have documented health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairments associated with CL, most have relied on cross-sectional data, providing only a snapshot of the disease burden. Few studies have examined HRQoL progression over time or explored treatment effects from the patient\u2019s perspective.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate changes in HRQoL among CL patients at three time points: before treatment, during treatment, and after treatment, using the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Impact Questionnaire (CLIQ).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A longitudinal observational study was conducted from October 2020 to April 2023 at a specialized center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, involving 143 CL patients. The CLIQ was administered at diagnosis, during treatment (up to 30 days post-treatment), and at least 90 days after treatment initiation. Analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons using nonparametric methods, and correlation assessments based on rank-order relationships.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 143 patients enrolled, 120 completed all assessments. Median CLIQ scores improved significantly from pre-treatment (24, IQR 16\u201336) to post-treatment (15, IQR 8.25\u201325; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Notable improvements were observed in physical symptoms, emotional distress, and daily functioning. However, financial burden and social isolation persisted after treatment. Patient dissatisfaction with health services peaked during treatment but decreased afterward.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Treatment significantly enhanced HRQoL in CL patients, particularly in the physical and functional domains. Nevertheless, persistent financial and emotional challenges underscore the need for comprehensive support interventions addressing economic and psychosocial dimensions, thereby promoting holistic care.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:37:11Z","timestamp":1759945031000},"page":"e0334215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis on health-related quality of life: A longitudinal approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-3932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Endi Lanza","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana\u00edna de Pina","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e1lia Santana","family":"Machado de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00e1ucia","family":"Cota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1087-9819","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah Nascimento","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0334215.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223313","article-title":"The impact of leishmaniasis on mental health and psychosocial well-being: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"M Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0334215.ref002","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Brazilian patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis using EQ-5D","volume":"20","author":"P Carvalho J de","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0334215.ref003","article-title":"Body location of \u201cNew World\u201d cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and its impact on the quality of life of patients in Suriname","volume":"14","author":"RVPF Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0334215.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5260-9","article-title":"Psychosocial burden of localised cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"I Bennis","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0334215.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025185","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3025185","article-title":"The Economic Impact of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka","volume":"2018","author":"T Wijerathna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0334215.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013020","article-title":"The burden of out-of-pocket and indirect costs of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"19","author":"SN Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0334215.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211374","article-title":"How cutaneous leishmaniasis and treatment impacts in the patients\u2019 lives: A cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"EL Galv\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0334215.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011196","article-title":"Health-related quality of life of adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"S Doni","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0334215.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa188","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis and health-related quality of life in returning travellers to the UK","volume":"27","author":"E Peleva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0334215.ref010","first-page":"474","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"16","author":"B Vares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0334215.ref011","first-page":"345","article-title":"The quality of life of Sri Lankan patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"23","author":"RR Ranawaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0334215.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt021","article-title":"Assessment of the quality of life of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2009-2010. 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