{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:04:50Z","timestamp":1780470290557,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI146087-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI146087-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000866","name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AID-OAA-A-11-00020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-11-00020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"IAVI early Career Investigator fellowship","award":["AID-OAA-A-16-00032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-16-00032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The kinetics and identification of targets of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection within mucosae is a valuable tool for the development of new HIV-prevention strategies. Human tissue explants offer an informative model for studying HIV-1 pathogenesis and can support the development of novel HIV prevention interventions. Here, we infected cervical explants from HIV-1-uninfected women undergoing routine surgery with HIV\n                    <jats:sub>BaL<\/jats:sub>\n                    , a lab-adapted virus, and isolates HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4790<\/jats:sub>\n                    and HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4791<\/jats:sub>\n                    , transmitted\/founder (T\/F) HIV-1 variants, and monitored the subsequent viral infection and replication using real-time quantitative PCR. The rates of infection and replication of HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>BaL<\/jats:sub>\n                    exceeded those of both HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4790<\/jats:sub>\n                    and HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4791<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The two T\/F isolates were not significantly different from each other overall in the explant comparison (endo and ecto cervical tissue combined); however, all three viruses demonstrated different tissue tropism. HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>BaL<\/jats:sub>\n                    and HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4790<\/jats:sub>\n                    replicated at equivalent levels in endocervical explants, but HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4790<\/jats:sub>\n                    replicated significantly less well in ectocervical explants. Alternatively, HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4791<\/jats:sub>\n                    demonstrated inferior replication in endocervical tissues compared to HIV\n                    <jats:sub>BaL<\/jats:sub>\n                    and HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4790<\/jats:sub>\n                    but improved replication in ectocervical explants compared to HIV\n                    <jats:sub>4790<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Immunofluorescent analysis of the cervical tissues revealed the presence of viable immune cells that are targets of HIV-1 infection, thus validating our\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    model in its ability to maintain viable cells in culture for a longer period. This allows for assessing the dynamics of HIV replication in the cervical tissues. Our data suggests that endocervical tissues may be more susceptible to HIV-1 infections than ectocervix, revealing the complex dynamics across different sites of the lower female reproductive tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:25:12Z","timestamp":1762367112000},"page":"e0334510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endocervix exhibits greater susceptibility to HIV-1 infection compared to ectocervix following ex vivo exposure to Transmitted\/Founder HIV-1 variants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Langat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"McRaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Lorenzo-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresia","family":"Muhomah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1305-254X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ann M.","family":"Carias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shoaib","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matrona Mbendo","family":"Akiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Mureithi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omu","family":"Anzala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7183-8319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0334510.ref001","article-title":"In danger: UNAIDS global AIDS update 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