{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T18:13:00Z","timestamp":1778004780127,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is aberrantly activated in many human epithelial cancers. This report presents the preparation, purification, and the anti-cancer potency of an anti-EGFR affibody (Z\n                    <jats:sub>EGFR 1907\u2019<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-polyethylenimine (PEI)-polyIC complex (PPEA-polyplex). Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the Z\n                    <jats:sub>EGFR 1907\u2019<\/jats:sub>\n                    affibody binds tightly to full-length sEGFR with an average equilibrium dissociation constant, K\n                    <jats:sub>D,<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 6.74\u2009nM. As expected the PPEA-polyplex does not activate the EGFR kinase, but kills tumor cells expressing medium to high levels of EGFR. The PPEA-polyplex stimulates the release of chemotactic cytokines (e.g., GRO-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3\u2013inducible protein-10) and promoted PBMC-mediated bystander killing of non-treated tumor cells. The PPEA-polyplex also inhibited the growth of human epidermoid vulval carcinoma (A431) xenografts growing in immunocompromised nude mice. Both the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    results indicate that PPEA-polyplexes have the potential to inhibit the growth of tumors which over-express the EGFR, including colon and breast cancer cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:31:02Z","timestamp":1778002262000},"page":"e0334584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EGFR-targeted affibody\u2013polyIC polyplex kills EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells without activating the EGFR"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Pettikiriarachchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yelena","family":"Ugolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Birkinshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Wardak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maree C.","family":"Faux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Joubran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexei","family":"Shir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nufar","family":"Edinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Zigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Levitzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3275-9209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antony W.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0334584.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5627","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.18.5627","article-title":"Antibodies to the epidermal growth factor receptor block the biological activities of sarcoma growth factor","volume":"80","author":"G Carpenter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5998","key":"pone.0334584.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/313144a0","article-title":"Amplification, enhanced expression and possible rearrangement of EGF receptor gene in primary human brain tumours of glial origin","volume":"313","author":"TA Libermann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0334584.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2014-0015","article-title":"EGFR-expression in primary urinary bladder cancer and corresponding metastases and the relation to HER2-expression. 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