{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:22:52Z","timestamp":1791638572323,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n In developing nations,\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species are the leading cause of epidemic dysentery, especially among children under five. Antibiotic resistance has spread quickly among\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species as a result of inappropriate antibiotic use, inadequacies of diagnostic facilities, unhygienic conditions, and insufficient healthcare practices. This review aimed to describe AMR genes of\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species analyzed globally via whole genome sequencing (WGS).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Relevant papers were found via a literature search using the databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Full-text primary studies published in English, WGS,\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n serogroup, and AMR gene statistics had to be included in the articles. The comprehensive meta-analysis software was used for data analysis. The Der Simonian\u2013Laird random effect model was utilized and statistical heterogeneity between studies is measured by the I\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n and Cochran\u2019s Q test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the studies, resistant genes of\n \n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n was more studied and characterized. The overall prevalence of antibiotics resistance genes was in the range of 1.7% to 46.9% with\n \n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n S83\n L<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n was the most frequent isolated revealed this gene as predominant in the quinolones resistant gene of\n \n S. sonnei.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n It was followed by\n \n mphA<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (resistant to macrolides) for\n \n S. flexneri,<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n sul2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (resistant to folate synthesis inhibitors) for\n \n S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n S. boydii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n . Pooled prevalence of AMR gene in\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species significantly varied among the studies (p\u2009=\u20090.001). There was no significant amount of heterogeneity in\n \n S. bodyii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (Q (4)) =1.938. p\u2009=\u20090.747, I\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090%) however in\n \n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (I\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200963%) and\n \n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (I\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200984%) showed high heterogeneity within the studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Generally, there was considerable variation in the pooled prevalence of the AMR gene in\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species among the studies, with\n \n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n showing the highest levels of heterogeneity. The effectiveness of treatment is seriously threatened by\n \n Shigella\u2019s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, it is imperative that\n \n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species resistance be continuously monitored globally.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:27:12Z","timestamp":1761672432000},"page":"e0334701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Whole genome sequencing analysis of antibiotic resistant genes of Shigella species: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-7858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Basha","family":"Ayele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getenet","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeleke","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Esmael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abaysew","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawit Hailu","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew Tesfaye","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0334701.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016","volume":"18","author":"IA Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0334701.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12690","article-title":"Update on: Shigella new serogroups\/serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance","volume":"64","author":"DP Muthuirulandi Sethuvel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"50","key":"pone.0334701.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.083","article-title":"Considerations for using ETEC and Shigella disease burden estimates to guide vaccine development strategy","volume":"37","author":"D Hosangadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0334701.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0839","article-title":"Health in Humanitarian Emergencies: Principles and Practice for Public Health and Healthcare Practitioners. 2018. 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