{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:19:35Z","timestamp":1788542375026,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Idiopathic scoliosis (IS), a three-dimensional spinal deformity common in adolescents, can be treated with numerous approaches, including Schroth, Spiral stabilization (SPS), and core exercises, to improve spinal alignment and health. However, few studies have shown the superiority of one treatment over another.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of three distinct physical therapy protocols in managing IS among adolescents aged 6\u201318 years with Cobb angles \u226440\u00b0.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 61 patients were allocated to one of three therapeutic groups. Each group received interventions twice weekly for 10 sessions. Primary outcomes were assessed by measuring changes in the Cobb angle, whereas secondary outcomes included evaluations of pain (visual analog scale, VAS), the angle of trunk rotation (ATR), trunk aesthetic clinical evaluation (TRACE), radiographic parameters (Alignment of the C7 plumbline (C7PL), clavicle angle, and pelvic obliquity), and quality of life (the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire,SRS-22).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings revealed significant within-group improvements in the Cobb angle, pain, and trunk rotation for all interventions (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Notably, between-group comparisons indicated that both the Schroth and SPS modalities resulted in greater reductions in the Cobb angle and trunk rotation than core stabilization exercises did (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, SPS resulted in superior enhancements in the clavicle angle and dynamic postural control, whereas Schroth yielded significant improvements in C7PL alignment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This short-term study underscores the relative effectiveness of the Schroth and SPS interventions in managing three-dimensional spinal deformities and enhancing dynamic postural control while recognizing the limitations of core stabilization exercises for scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This retrospective analysis of a clinical trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500096077) <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;q=ChiCTR2500096077\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;q=ChiCTR2500096077<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T17:29:35Z","timestamp":1760722175000},"page":"e0334713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of different physical therapy training protocols on patients with idiopathic scoliosis: Short-term 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