{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T02:06:58Z","timestamp":1773886018536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two of the most actively studied modifiable lifestyle factors, exercise and video gaming, are regularly touted as easy and effective ways to enhance brain function and\/or protect it from age-related decline. However, some critical lingering questions and methodological inconsistencies leave it unclear what aspects of brain health are affected by exercise and video gaming. In this cross-sectional global online study, we recruited over 1000 people and collected data about participants\u2019 physical activity levels, time spent playing video games, mental health, and cognitive performance using tests of short-term memory, verbal abilities, and reasoning skills from the Creyos battery. The amount of regular physical activity was not significantly related to any measure of cognitive performance; however, more physical activity was associated with better mental health as indexed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) screeners for depression and anxiety. Conversely, we found that more time spent playing video games was associated with better cognitive performance but was unrelated to mental health. We conclude that exercise and video gaming have differential effects on the brain, which may help individuals tailor their lifestyle choices to promote mental and cognitive health, respectively, across the lifespan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1761326698000},"page":"e0334924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterizing the cognitive and mental health benefits of exercise and video game playing"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1443-6563","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sydni G.","family":"Paleczny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor J.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Highfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian M.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0334924.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101551","article-title":"Modifiable lifestyle factors and cognitive reserve: A systematic review of current evidence","volume":"74","author":"S Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0334924.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002259","article-title":"Potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, cognitive reserve, and cognitive function in later life: A cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"L Clare","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0334924.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001936","article-title":"Physical Activity, Cognition, and Brain Outcomes: A Review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines","volume":"51","author":"KI Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0334924.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2298","article-title":"Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition","volume":"9","author":"CH Hillman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0334924.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037507","article-title":"Video game training enhances cognition of older adults: a meta-analytic study","volume":"29","author":"P Toril","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0334924.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208192","article-title":"Efficacy of video game-based interventions for active aging. 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