{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T17:37:15Z","timestamp":1761586635141,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\"Consejer\u00c3a de Transici\u00c3\u00b3n Ecol\u00c3\u00b3gica, Lucha contra el Cambio Clim\u00c3\u00a1tico y Planificaci\u00c3\u00b3n Territorial\u201d (Gobierno de Canarias)-Universidad de la Laguna agreement","award":["Estudio de pat\u00f3genos en aves migratorias y en especies ex\u00f3ticas en un escenario de cambio clim\u00e1tico"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Estudio de pat\u00f3genos en aves migratorias y en especies ex\u00f3ticas en un escenario de cambio clim\u00e1tico"]}]},{"name":"Department of Economy, Knowledge, and Employment of the Canary Government","award":["predoctoral scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["predoctoral scholarship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["of 85% within the framework of the Canary Islands ESF Operational Program 2014\u20132020, priority axis 3, investment priority 10.2, specific object 10.2.1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["of 85% within the framework of the Canary Islands ESF Operational Program 2014\u20132020, priority axis 3, investment priority 10.2, specific object 10.2.1."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Invasive species can spread pathogens to newly colonised areas and indirectly affect animals and humans. In the Canary Islands territory (Spain), the California kingsnake (\n                      <jats:italic>Lampropeltis californiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is one of the most relevant invasive species because its predatory habits, however, there is scarce information about the microorganisms they carry and the risk to human health, for that reason, and considering previous data on the pathogens harboured by exotic reptiles in the archipelago, the aim of this study was to analyse the presence of pathogenic bacteria in these animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\n                      <jats:italic>L. californiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      specimens from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) were examined for zoonotic bacteria. For that purpose, faecal samples were obtained during the necropsy of the animals and inoculated in different selective agar media. If bacterial growth was observed, bacterial colonies were subjected to DNA extraction. The species were confirmed using PCR methods and band pattern comparison.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Almost all, 49 out of 50 (98%), of the studied animals were positive for at least one of the selected bacteria.\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (76.0%, 38\/50),\n                      <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (58.0%, 29\/50),\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (42.0%, 21\/50),\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (34.0%, 17\/50) and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      virulence genes (\n                      <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) (16.0%, 8\/50) were identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of well-known zoonotic bacteria in\n                      <jats:italic>L. californiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      from Gran Canaria suppose a threat to people that use them as pets, especially children, elderly, and animal handlers, since they cause gastrointestinal symptoms that can lead to severe complications and invasive infections. In addition to that, these colubrids could also spread pathogens to other animals and the environment, adding to the notorious problem of biodiversity losses due to predation of native fauna.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T17:33:12Z","timestamp":1761586392000},"page":"e0334944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Zoonotic bacteria in invasive California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0770-189X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rom\u00e1n","family":"Pino-Vera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Abreu-Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9526-5113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pilar","family":"Foronda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0334944.ref001","unstructured":"International Union for Conservation of Nature. 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