{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:46:57Z","timestamp":1761673617203,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018041","name":"American Society of Biomechanics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022750","name":"Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["467743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["467743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009713","name":"Foundation for Physical Therapy Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PODS II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PODS II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31AR079259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31AR079259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety - Education and Resource Center","award":["Pilot Projects Research Training Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pilot Projects Research Training Program"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The clinical classification of glenohumeral joint instability is characterized by presumed increased humeral translations in conjunction with symptoms of instability. Prior research reports inconsistent kinematic differences in glenohumeral kinematics between individuals clinically classified with multidirectional instability and asymptomatic controls. Differing clinical classifications and motion tracking methods likely contribute to this gap. This analysis aimed to compare three-dimensional (3D) glenohumeral joint kinematics during active arm raising between individuals clinically classified with multidirectional instability and asymptomatic matched controls. Twenty competitive swimmers (13 female; mean age: 24.85; standard deviation (SD): 12.51) clinically classified with multidirectional instability via a comprehensive clinical examination and 10 asymptomatic matched controls (6 female: mean age: 24.70; SD: 7.04) were enrolled. Active, unweighted, scapular plane abduction was recorded with dynamic biplane video radiography, and glenohumeral joint kinematics were reconstructed with 2D\/3D shape-matching. The variables compared between groups included: humeral position along the anterior\/posterior and superior\/inferior axes of the glenoid, positional dispersion of the humeral instantaneous helical axis, and humeral contact path length on the glenoid. The average humeral position between 30\u00b0-90\u00b0 of glenohumeral elevation was significantly more anterior (+0.8\u2009mm,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, effect size\u2009=\u20090.57) in individuals classified with multidirectional instability compared to controls. No other significant differences were detected. Our findings indicate that individuals classified with multidirectional instability possess significantly greater average humeral head position in the anterior direction. However, these individuals do not possess markedly different glenohumeral joint kinematics in superior\/inferior humeral position, humeral instantaneous helical axis positional dispersion, or humeral contact path length compared to asymptomatic individuals during unweighted arm elevation. Further exploration is necessary to identify novel kinematic variables that accurately quantify group differences in joint stability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:29:11Z","timestamp":1761672551000},"page":"e0335045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of glenohumeral joint kinematics between swimmers clinically classified with multidirectional instability and asymptomatic controls"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9743-7545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oliver A.","family":"Silverson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5880-8350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gaura","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ward M.","family":"Glasoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Ludewig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Staker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335045.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200603000-00026","article-title":"Principles for the evaluation and management of shoulder instability","volume":"88","author":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062060-00004","article-title":"Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder. A preliminary report","author":"C Neer","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335045.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.05.025","article-title":"Characteristics of functional shoulder instability","volume":"29","author":"P Moroder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0335045.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.07.003","article-title":"Systematic review of patient-administered shoulder functional scores on instability","volume":"19","author":"DM Rouleau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335045.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506294570","article-title":"Laxity testing of the shoulder: a review","volume":"35","author":"M Bahk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2002.32.6.248","article-title":"Translations of the humerus in persons with shoulder impingement symptoms","volume":"32","author":"PM Ludewig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(97)90084-7","article-title":"Shoulder kinematics with two-plane x-ray evaluation in patients with anterior instability or rotator cuff tearing","volume":"6","author":"GA Paletta","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00006","article-title":"Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder","volume":"58","author":"NK Poppen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0335045.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0012-7","article-title":"Kinematic and muscle activity characteristics of multidirectional shoulder joint instability during elevation","volume":"14","author":"A Illy\u00e9s","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0335045.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507300820","article-title":"Differences in 3-dimensional shoulder kinematics between persons with multidirectional instability and asymptomatic controls","volume":"35","author":"JB Ogston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2022.105775","article-title":"Patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability exhibit altered glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint kinematics during upper limb movement: A prospective comparative study","volume":"100","author":"L Ernstbrunner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335045.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.09.001","article-title":"Physiotherapy vs. capsular shift and physiotherapy in multidirectional shoulder joint instability","volume":"20","author":"RM Kiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509347105","article-title":"Simultaneous 3D assessment of glenohumeral shape, humeral head centering, and scapular positioning in atraumatic shoulder instability: a magnetic resonance-based in vivo analysis","volume":"38","author":"R von Eisenhart-Rothe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.047282","article-title":"Shoulder pain in elite swimmers: primarily due to swim-volume-induced supraspinatus tendinopathy","volume":"44","author":"ML Sein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335045.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2021-0183","article-title":"National Collegiate Athletic Association Swimmers With Glenohumeral Multidirectional Laxity Have an Increased Glenohumeral Joint Range of Motion Profile","volume":"31","author":"OA Silverson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.2.149","article-title":"Risk factors associated with shoulder pain and disability across the lifespan of competitive swimmers","volume":"47","author":"A Tate","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1351892","article-title":"Dynamic measurements of three-dimensional scapular kinematics: a validation study","volume":"123","author":"AR Karduna","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0335045.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511412164","article-title":"In vivo shoulder function after surgical repair of a torn rotator cuff: glenohumeral joint mechanics, shoulder strength, clinical outcomes, and their interaction","volume":"39","author":"MJ Bey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335045.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90048-3","article-title":"Representation and calculation of 3-D joint movement","volume":"10","author":"HJ Woltring","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Movem Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0335045.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00157-X","article-title":"A method to estimate in vivo dynamic articular surface interaction","volume":"36","author":"WJ Anderst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0335045.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5556","article-title":"Comparison of 3-dimensional shoulder complex kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain, part 2: glenohumeral joint","volume":"44","author":"RL Lawrence","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref022","unstructured":"Silverson O. Shoulder Complex Kinematics in Individuals Clinically Classified with Multidirectional Instability: A Pre- Versus Post-Exercise Analysis. Thesis, University of Minnesota. 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335045.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173010-00013","article-title":"T-plasty modification of the Bankart procedure for multidirectional instability of the anterior and inferior types","volume":"73","author":"DW Altchek","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335045.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199101000-00012","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Shoulder Instability","volume":"1","author":"RJ Hawkins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/23335432.2017.1372217","article-title":"Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretation","volume":"4","author":"JL Staker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335045.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.51B3.444","article-title":"Orthopaedic Aspects Of The Ehlers - Danlos Syndrome","author":"P Beighton","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0335045.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232070-00004","article-title":"Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder","volume":"32","author":"A Tzannes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335045.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.3.253","article-title":"Association of generalized joint hypermobility with a history of glenohumeral joint instability","volume":"45","author":"KL Cameron","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2021.10.001","article-title":"Kinematics and biomechanical validity of shoulder joint laxity tests as diagnostic criteria in multidirectional instability","volume":"25","author":"JL Staker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260060501","article-title":"The development and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI)","volume":"26","author":"A Kirkley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333020-00005","article-title":"Delayed onset muscle soreness\u00a0: treatment strategies and performance factors","volume":"33","author":"K Cheung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.03.021","article-title":"Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for visual analog scales (VAS) measuring pain in patients treated for rotator cuff disease","volume":"18","author":"RZ Tashjian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.6548","article-title":"The Responsiveness and Minimal Important Change of the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score","volume":"47","author":"JA van der Linde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335045.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.126766","article-title":"Qualitative clinical evaluation of scapular dysfunction: a reliability study","volume":"11","author":"WB Kibler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref035","volume-title":"Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry, 4th Edition. Physiotherapy Canada","author":"CC Norkin","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335045.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3109\/09593980903094230","article-title":"Reliability of shoulder range of motion comparing a goniometer to a digital level","volume":"26","author":"MJ Mullaney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335045.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.589","article-title":"X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research","volume":"313","author":"EL Brainerd","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.05.040","article-title":"Accuracy of biplane videoradiography for quantifying dynamic wrist kinematics","volume":"92","author":"B Akhbari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.09.019","article-title":"MRI vs CT-based 2D-3D auto-registration accuracy for quantifying shoulder motion using biplane video-radiography","volume":"82","author":"M Akbari-Shandiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref040","unstructured":"Lawrence RL. KinematicsToolbox: A Comprehensive Software Program for Analyzing and Visualizing Radiographic Motion Capture Data. Version 4.6. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7936\/6RXS-103624"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335045.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042","article-title":"ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion--Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand","volume":"38","author":"G Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref042","article-title":"Humeral Length Estimation: Retrospective Radiological and Anthropometric Investigation","volume":"9","author":"E So","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Forens Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90007-1","article-title":"Variations in the retroversion of the humeral head","volume":"8","author":"G Edelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0335045.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.10.042","article-title":"Comparison of glenohumeral motion using different rotation sequences","volume":"44","author":"V Phadke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0335045.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90192-9","article-title":"Instantaneous helical axis estimation from 3-D video data in neck kinematics for whiplash diagnostics","volume":"27","author":"HJ Woltring","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01483","article-title":"Motion of the shoulder complex during multiplanar humeral elevation","volume":"91","author":"PM Ludewig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Series A"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref047","article-title":"To impute or not impute: that\u2019s the question","volume-title":"Advising on research methods: Selected topics 2013","author":"l Lodder P a u","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref048","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2929","article-title":"Shoulder injuries in the overhead athlete","volume":"39","author":"KE Wilk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335045.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309499017731632","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499017731632","article-title":"Blood supply and vascularity of the glenoid labrum: Its clinical implications","volume":"25","author":"A Alashkham","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00007","article-title":"Anatomy, histology, and vascularity of the glenoid labrum","volume":"74","author":"E Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Series A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335045.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.10.008","article-title":"Muscle activity and scapular kinematics in individuals with multidirectional shoulder instability: A systematic review","volume":"64","author":"V Spanhove","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00004","article-title":"Mechanisms of Glenohumeral Joint Stability","volume":"291","author":"S Lippitt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthopaed Relat Res"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.08.048","article-title":"Effects of exercise therapy for the treatment of symptomatic full-thickness supraspinatus tears on in vivo glenohumeral kinematics","volume":"25","author":"RM Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Should Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0335045.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.07.006","article-title":"Instantaneous helical axis methodology to identify aberrant neck motion","volume":"28","author":"AM Ellingson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335045.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500209","article-title":"The relationship between passive joint laxity and functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"25","author":"L Snyder-Mackler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0335045.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.05.042","article-title":"Comparison of 3D bone models of the knee joint derived from CT and 3T MR imaging","volume":"93","author":"A Neubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0335045.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/4\/1441","article-title":"Automatic bone segmentation and bone-cartilage interface extraction for the shoulder joint from magnetic resonance images","volume":"60","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:29:23Z","timestamp":1761672563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335045"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Prateek","family":"Srivastav,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}}}