{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:10:46Z","timestamp":1761181846470,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020311","name":"European Education and Culture Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101004049 \u2014 EURECA-PRO \u2014 EAC-A02-2019 \/ EAC-A02-2019-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004049 \u2014 EURECA-PRO \u2014 EAC-A02-2019 \/ EAC-A02-2019-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The paper presents the results of an ecological study completed within the warm seasonal period of 01\/07\/2024\u201331\/10\/2024. The aim is to assess the relationship between ambient air quality deterioration and acute respiratory incidents occurring in the inhabitants of Gliwice (Poland; Upper Silesian agglomeration). The number of daily medical services (MS) due to respiratory diseases and illnesses was obtained from the register of the National Health Fund (Silesian Voivodeship Branch in Katowice). The daily mean values of aerosanitary factors in Gliwice came from the mobile air pollution laboratory of the Silesian University of Technology in Poland. The relative risk (\n                    <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of MS was estimated using a Poisson log-linear model considering independent environmental factors (meteorological factors and air pollutant concentrations) or confounding factors (astronomical season and day of the week). The highest number of MS due to respiratory diseases refers to acute nasopharyngitis and asthma exacerbation, mostly in children aged 0\u20139 years. A significant impact was observed in the case of particulate matter concentration increase and number of MS due to acute nasopharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis, pneumonia, asthma exacerbation, in the case of nitrogen oxides appropriately acute nasopharyngitis, bronchitis and\/or bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma exacerbation. Additionally, a longer time of exposure was associated with a higher risk of MS due to respiratory incidents. The increase in wind speed and relative humidity was significantly associated with a higher number of bronchitis and asthma exacerbation while a higher temperature and higher 8-hour ozone concentration remain protective of both MS. The results are essential for effectively communicating environmental health risks, educating the public about potential threats, and pressuring legislators responsible for legislation and risk management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:26:49Z","timestamp":1761154009000},"page":"e0335063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory incidents in response to air quality deterioration in the summer and early autumn season"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0612-1949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ewa","family":"Niewiadomska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Micek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8817-2058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elwira","family":"Zajusz-Zubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335063.ref001","first-page":"113","article-title":"Air pollution and acute respiratory diseases in children: regression analysis of morbidity data","volume":"13","author":"M Biesiada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0335063.ref002","first-page":"625","article-title":"The impact of atmospheric air pollution on daily morbidity of children with respiratory diseases","volume":"75","author":"M Skiba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Polska"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335063.ref003","first-page":"227","article-title":"Effect of ambient air pollution on daily mortality in Katowice Conurbation, Poland","volume":"16","author":"M Kowalska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335063.ref004","first-page":"733","article-title":"Air pollution and daily mortality in the urban area of Katowice, comparison between two periods 1994\/95 and 2001\/02","volume":"17","author":"M Kowalska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335063.ref005","first-page":"101","article-title":"Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on daily mortality","volume":"19","author":"M Kowalska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335063.ref006","first-page":"523","article-title":"Relationship between PM2.5 concentration in the ambient air and daily exacerbation of respiratory diseases in the population of Silesian voivodeship during winter smog","volume":"69","author":"M Kowalska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"key":"pone.0335063.ref007","first-page":"195","author":"M Kowalska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Relationship between quality of ambient air and respiratory diseases in the Polish population"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0335063.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103591","article-title":"Assessment of Risk Hospitalization due to Acute Respiratory Incidents Related to Ozone Exposure in Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)","volume":"17","author":"E Niewiadomska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335063.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030754","article-title":"Effect of NOx and NO2 Concentration Increase in Ambient Air to Daily Bronchitis and Asthma Exacerbation, Silesian Voivodeship in Poland","volume":"17","author":"M Kowalska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0335063.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9012","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239012","article-title":"Acute FeNO and Blood Pressure Responses to Air Pollution Exposure in Young Adults during Physical Activity","volume":"17","author":"K Kocot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0335063.ref011","unstructured":"Krakow Smog Alert. 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