{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:15:45Z","timestamp":1788621345175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vilnius Lyceum Alumni Association UK","award":["Personal one-time scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal one-time scholarship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE2319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE2319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRTG 2804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG 2804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE2319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE2319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE2319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE2319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRTG 2804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG 2804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRTG 2804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG 2804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Weinberg Institute for Cognitive Science","award":["Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019004","name":"Mercatus Center, George Mason University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The study of utilitarian inclinations is probably the most experimentally investigated aspect of morality. The Oxford Utilitarianism Scale has been developed to provide a self-report tool for reliable measurement of utilitarian views while addressing serious methodological issues with previous measures. In this study, we have translated and validated a German version of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS-DE). The scale consists of two subscales: Impartial Beneficence (IB-DE) and Instrumental Harm (IH-DE). We conducted a procedure in a general German sample (N\n                    <jats:sub>S1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009378, 243 women, M\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200925.37) before the Covid-19 pandemic. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit of a two-factor model for OUS-DE, while internal consistency and construct reliability were acceptable. Both in the pre-pandemic and the post-pandemic sample (N\n                    <jats:sub>S2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009348, 206 women, M\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200924.61) we found a sex\/gender difference, with women scoring significantly higher in the IB-DE subscale than men. We also found that the mean agreement with the IB-DE subscale decreased after the pandemic. In a separate third sample (N\n                    <jats:sub>S3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200939, 19 women, M\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200923.72), we observed an inverse U-shape relationship between moral behavior related to quarantine requirements and the IH-DE subscale, as measured during the peak pandemic restrictions in late 2020. Repeated OUS-DE measurement in this sample showed stability in responders\u2019 utilitarian beliefs post-pandemic. In sum, OUS-DE is the first available measurement of utilitarian inclinations in German. The scale will enable further research on how utilitarian preconceptions affect behavior in German-speaking populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T17:50:19Z","timestamp":1761587419000},"page":"e0335215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The German translation of the Oxford utilitarianism scale: Validation and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the observations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0898-0369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aist\u0117","family":"Ambras\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Grahlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Yu","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Derntl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0335215.ref001","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation","author":"J 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