{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:17:06Z","timestamp":1791501426005,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NYPS 20303383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NYPS 20303383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Given the paucity of data regarding workplace risk of COVID-19, particularly from countries with limited lockdowns, we aimed to quantify the occupational risks of COVID-19-related hospital admission among workers in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified 607,179 employed individuals, 20\u221269 years of age, in Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden. From December 31\n st<\/jats:sup>\n , 2019\u2014December 31\n st<\/jats:sup>\n 2021, 2,633 incident COVID-19-related admissions were identified. Using a job exposure matrix for risk of becoming infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an occupational setting we delineated occupations with low work-related risk. Based on these reference occupations, incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed by Poisson regression for four-digit occupations defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations job codes (ISCO-08).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n After adjusting for various sociodemographic characteristics, risk compared to reference occupations was elevated among healthcare occupations as a group (IRR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13\u20131.51), with nurses, healthcare assistants, and nursing aids having the highest IRRs (ranging from 1.28\u20131.54). In the educational sector, no apparent elevated overall risk was observed (IRR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.86\u20131.23). For the transportation sector, an overall excess risk was observed (IRR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.65), with bus and tram drivers having the highest risks. IRRs\u2009<\u20091 were observed among electricians, some builders, and software developers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Excess risk of COVID-19-related hospital admission was observed in many patient-facing occupations across the healthcare sector and in multiple occupations within the transportation sector. However, despite limited lockdowns and legislation, no apparent increased risks were observed in the educational or retail sales sectors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T18:25:44Z","timestamp":1762280744000},"page":"e0335662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Occupational risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission in Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden: A register-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-9715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesse D.","family":"Thacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Vilhelmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra S.","family":"T\u00f8ttenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Peter Ellekilde","family":"Bonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajsa U.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esben M.","family":"Flachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-7847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christel","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Jakobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise M.","family":"Begtrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah N.","family":"Frankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Rylander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0335662.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107920","article-title":"Occupation, work-related contact and SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid serological status: findings from the Virus Watch prospective cohort study","volume":"79","author":"S Beale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335662.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465211053615","article-title":"Occupations and Sickness-Related Absences during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"63","author":"T Lyttelton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335662.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4063","article-title":"Occupational risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission in Denmark 2020-2021: a follow-up study","volume":"49","author":"JPE Bonde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0335662.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4056","article-title":"Occupational risk of COVID-19 across pandemic waves: a two-year national follow-up study of hospital admissions","volume":"48","author":"JPE Bonde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"pone.0335662.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.01.013","article-title":"COVID-19 and healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"M Gholami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335662.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107628","article-title":"Risks of COVID-19 by occupation in NHS workers in England","volume":"79","author":"DA van der Plaat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335662.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4103","article-title":"Occupational risks associated with severe COVID-19 disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection - 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