{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T18:47:21Z","timestamp":1762195641399,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Selecting optimal therapeutic interventions for febrile urinary tract infection (f-UTI) is crucial to prevent complications such as kidney scarring. While current clinical guidelines provide risk-stratified imaging recommendations, they are largely based on Western populations and lack specific predictors for which children will ultimately require therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to establish risk stratification criteria for East Asian children with first-episode f-UTI. This retrospective single-center study analyzed patients aged 2\u201324 months with first-episode f-UTI. All patients underwent a standardized diagnostic and management protocol, including kidney\u2013bladder ultrasound (KBUS) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), to ensure uniform evaluation. The primary outcome was \u201crequirement for therapeutic intervention,\u201d defined as one or more of the following: (1) urological surgery (2) antimicrobial prophylaxis (for vesicoureteral reflux grade \u2265III) and (3) antimicrobial treatment for recurrent f-UTI. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors associated with the interventions. A total of 216 patients were included (median age: 4 months). Overall, 59 patients required therapeutic interventions. Non-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    infection (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3\u20138.7) and abnormal KBUS findings (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.7\u201310.6) were identified as independent predictors. The sensitivity and specificity of the factors for predicting therapeutic intervention were 64.4% and 73.2%, respectively. This study identified non-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and abnormal KBUS findings as key predictors for therapeutic interventions in East Asian children with first-episode f-UTI. These findings suggest that a more targeted approach based on these factors may optimize risk stratification and patient selection for VCUG, improving clinical decision-making.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T18:26:58Z","timestamp":1762194418000},"page":"e0335743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing risk stratification in pediatric febrile urinary tract infection: A single-center study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0024-0907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Inoguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7151-459X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riku","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yooka","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Terano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0940-4517","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Narumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Hamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ishikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hataya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0335743.ref001","volume-title":"Pediatric nephrology","author":"ED Avner","year":"2015","edition":"7"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335743.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1007755","article-title":"Febrile urinary tract infections in children","volume":"365","author":"G Montini","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335743.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1330","article-title":"Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months","volume":"128","author":"Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0335743.ref004","volume-title":"Urinary tract infection in children: diagnosis, treatment and long-term management","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335743.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-017-1460-3","article-title":"Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate for children younger than 2 years","volume":"22","author":"O Uemura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335743.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388714","article-title":"International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteric reflux. 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