{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:13:38Z","timestamp":1790140418139,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is a growing health concern and a known risk factor for binge eating disorder (BED). BED is characterized by episodes of overeating with a loss of control, often leading to psychological distress. In some cases, medication may be recommended to manage depressive symptoms and support weight loss. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, works by targeting the brain\u2019s reward system to reduce psychological stress and enhance feelings of fullness. However, there is limited research on the use of liraglutide for patients with both obesity and BED. This qualitative study aimed to investigate how patients with these conditions experience treatment with liraglutide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative design with individual semi-structured, in-depth interviews was employed. Eight informants aged 25\u201360 years were interviewed, and data were analyzed using systematic text condensation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two main themes, each with three associated subthemes, emerged. The first main theme was:\n                      <jats:italic>The role of food on the expression of BED<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with subthemes:\n                      <jats:italic>Food as an emotion regulator, Persistent thoughts on eating and dieting<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Emotional and situational triggers for binge eating<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The second main theme was\n                      <jats:italic>Experiences with liraglutide in managing BED<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with subthemes:\n                      <jats:italic>Meeting emotional and physical needs, Reducing thoughts about food<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Decreasing triggers for eating<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The experiences with medication (main theme 2) influenced the expression of BED (main theme 1) as informants reported that liraglutide impacted their BED symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that patients with obesity and BED found liraglutide helpful in addressing emotional and physical needs, enhancing emotional well-being, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Further qualitative research is needed to explore the long-term impact of liraglutide on emotional and behavioral changes in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:48:11Z","timestamp":1761932891000},"page":"e0335806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Patient experiences with liraglutide for obesity and binge eating disorder\u2013A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-9480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ingrid S\u00f8rdal","family":"F\u00f8lling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine Larsen","family":"Reigstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sne Ask","family":"Hyldmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2632-0913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne-Sofie","family":"Helvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10431","key":"pone.0335806.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00051-5","article-title":"Double burden of underweight and obesity: insights from new global evidence","volume":"403","author":"N Tumas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref002","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9793","key":"pone.0335806.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60813-1","article-title":"The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments","volume":"378","author":"BA Swinburn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335806.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000750","article-title":"Epidemiology of binge eating disorder: prevalence, course, comorbidity, and risk factors","volume":"34","author":"A Keski-Rahkonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335806.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.33545\/2616454X.2018.v2.i2a.28","article-title":"Binge eating disorder: Causes, consequences and management","volume":"2","author":"T Fatima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Unani Integ Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0335806.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070829","article-title":"Obesity with Comorbid Eating Disorders: Associated Health Risks and Treatment Approaches","volume":"10","author":"FQ da Luz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335806.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00009-9","article-title":"The role of dieting in binge eating disorder: etiology and treatment implications","volume":"19","author":"CE Howard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801699","article-title":"Binge eating disorder and obesity","volume":"25","author":"M de Zwaan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335806.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00088-8","article-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a \u201ctransdiagnostic\u201d theory and treatment","volume":"41","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335806.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/OnlineFirst\/122212","article-title":"Emotion regulation in binge eating disorder","volume":"55","author":"A Walenda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335806.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2455","article-title":"Binge-eating disorder in adults","volume":"165","author":"KA Brownley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0335806.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111274","article-title":"Emotion Regulation in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review","volume":"9","author":"A Dingemans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335806.ref013","first-page":"40","article-title":"An overview of the treatment of eating disorders in adults and adolescents: pharmacology and psychotherapy","volume":"32","author":"GI Costandache","year":"2023","journal-title":"Postep Psychiatr Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref014","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.03.006","article-title":"Antidepressants compared to placebo for people with binge eating disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"AL Sioziou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2022.03.024","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of topiramate and its clinical value in epilepsy","volume":"98","author":"Y-F Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0335806.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0901","article-title":"Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate plus cognitive-behavior therapy in binge-eating disorder","volume":"68","author":"AM Claudino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335806.ref018","first-page":"954","article-title":"GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains\u2026","volume":"59","author":"OM Farr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335806.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-014-9289-5","article-title":"Effects of GLP-1 on appetite and weight","volume":"15","author":"M Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114622","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist and effects on reward behaviour: A systematic review","volume":"283","author":"S Badulescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101351","article-title":"GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity","volume":"57","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335806.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.619","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg for binge eating disorder","volume":"9","author":"KC Allison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335806.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2015.03.005","article-title":"Improvement in binge eating in non-diabetic obese individuals after 3 months of treatment with liraglutide - A pilot study","volume":"9","author":"SA Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2023.100080","article-title":"Successful treatment of binge eating disorder with the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"J Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref025","first-page":"100333","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists: A novel pharmacotherapy for binge eating (Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa)? A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"L Aoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_780_19","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for Psychoeducation in Psychiatric Disorders General Principles of Psychoeducation","volume":"62","author":"S Sarkhel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335806.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.04.004","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders","volume":"33","author":"R Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref028","volume-title":"Qualitative Methods in Medical Research \u2013 an Introduction","author":"K Malterud","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335806.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-018-0310-2","article-title":"Early childhood obesity risk factors: socioeconomic adversity, family dysfunction, offspring distress, and junk food self-medication","volume":"7","author":"E Hemmingsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335806.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679609065053","article-title":"The aversiveness of specific emotional states associated with binge-eating in obese subjects","volume":"30","author":"J Kenardy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0335806.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023660","article-title":"Revisiting the affect regulation model of binge eating: a meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment","volume":"137","author":"AA Haedt-Matt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335806.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20352","article-title":"What\u2019s driving the binge in binge eating disorder?: A prospective examination of precursors and consequences","volume":"40","author":"RI Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0335806.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23636","article-title":"Lived experiences of subjective binge eating: An inductive thematic analysis","volume":"54","author":"LM Brownstone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335806.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.07.016","article-title":"Binge eating in binge eating disorder: a breakdown of emotion regulatory process?","volume":"195","author":"S Munsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335806.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2615","article-title":"Shame and binge eating pathology: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"E O\u2019Loghlen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335806.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0348-6","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide on appetite, food preoccupation, and food liking: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"JS Tronieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0335806.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22653","article-title":"Effects of Liraglutide and Behavioral Weight Loss on Food Cravings, Eating Behaviors, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology","volume":"27","author":"AM Chao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"pone.0335806.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110303","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues for stress-related eating and role of GLP-1 in stress, emotion and mood: a review","volume":"110","author":"E Guerrero-Hreins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335806.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management","volume":"373","author":"X Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:48:16Z","timestamp":1761932896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335806"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}}}