{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:14:51Z","timestamp":1788318891829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52374028\u3001W2421011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52374028\u3001W2421011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sand production in oil wells is recognized as a persistent challenge during oilfield development, adversely affecting well productivity and operational stability. Chemical sand control methods, particularly resin-based sand consolidation, are considered a promising solution due to their operational simplicity and effectiveness. However, conventional emulsified resins are known to be highly sensitive to high-salinity environments, which can lead to emulsion destabilization and reduced consolidation strength. To address this limitation, a novel emulsified epoxy resin system was developed in this study using a nonionic emulsifying curing agent\u2014fatty amine poly(epoxy ethyl ether)\u2014by which salinity tolerance is significantly enhanced, supporting dilution water salinity up to 3.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2074 mg\/L. Through single-factor experiments, an optimal formulation was identified as 16% epoxy resin, 24% emulsified curing agent, 1% coupling agent, and 5.6% stabilizer. The molecular structure of the emulsified resin and the stability of the cured matrix were thoroughly characterized. The effects of curing temperature, time, sand particle size, and stabilizer dosage on compressive strength and permeability were systematically evaluated. It was demonstrated that after being cured at 80 \u00b0C for 12 hours, the consolidated cores achieved a compressive strength exceeding 3\u2009MPa with permeability retention above 75%. Furthermore, the consolidated cores were shown to exhibit excellent long-term stability, maintaining their mechanical and flow properties after 30-day immersion in kerosene, 10% HCl, and formation water. This study bridges a critical research gap in high-salinity applications of water-based resin emulsions and provides a robust technical solution for sand control in challenging reservoir environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:37:46Z","timestamp":1761932266000},"page":"e0335819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Seawater-resistant emulsified epoxy resin for effective sand control in unconsolidated sandstone oil reservoir"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanzhe","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9432-7088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335819.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.3390\/en16052438","article-title":"Effect of wire design (Profile) on sand retention parameters of wire-wrapped screens for conventional production: prepack sand retention testing results","volume":"16","author":"D Tananykhin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0335819.ref002","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Gravel sizing method for sand control packing in hydrate production test wells","volume":"44","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"PED"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335819.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpe.2015.05.009","article-title":"Choosing an optimum sand control method","volume":"24","author":"E Khamehchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Egypt J Pet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335819.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/en13010268","article-title":"Effect of slot width and density on slotted liner performance in SAGD operations","volume":"13","author":"Y Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"pone.0335819.ref005","article-title":"Lessons learned during sand control operations in the Gulf of Mexico where bridging is a strong possibility","author":"DL Cotrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control: D011S001R002. 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