{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T18:34:31Z","timestamp":1762972471770,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the significance and correlation of choroidal and retinal pigment epithelial changes with disease activity in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of clinical records and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of CSCR cases presenting to a tertiary eye hospital in Nepal between October 2021 to November 2022. The study included 145 CSCR eyes from 132 cases compared with 290 eyes of 145 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Chi square test, Paired T-test and Independent sample t-test were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Average subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of the CSCR eyes (453.13 um) and the fellow eyes (403.44 um) was significantly greater (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than that of the control group (372.29um). Notably, the eyes affected by CSCR also had significantly greater SFCT than fellow eyes (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No significant correlation was observed between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and either central subfield macular thickness (CST) (p\u2009=\u20090.559) or pigment epithelial detachment (PED) (p\u2009=\u20090.145). Chronic CSCR eyes showed a significant association with PED (Chi-square test,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.013), and a trend toward reduced CST and SFCT compared to acute eyes, as indicated by the independent t-tests (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04 and\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023, respectively). Flat and irregular PEDs were more common in chronic CSCR eyes compared to acute CSCR eyes (p\u2009=\u20090.027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased SFCT and PED are significant pathophysiological markers in CSCR, exhibiting distinct variations between acute and chronic forms. However, the lack of a direct correlation of SFCT with CST and PED underscores the limitation of relying solely on SFCT to fully characterize choroidal changes in CSCR. Further exploration of additional OCT biomarkers may offer deeper insights into the complex pathophysiology of these changes, paving the way for enhanced understanding and more targeted therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T18:29:26Z","timestamp":1762972166000},"page":"e0335947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparative study of choroidal thickness and pigment epithelial detachment in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy in Nepalese patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-0195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subash","family":"Bhatta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayana","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suresh Raj","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335947.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.OJO_75_2017","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: Current update on pathophysiology and multimodal imaging","volume":"11","author":"GJ Manayath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0335947.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.07.026","article-title":"Multimodal Imaging-Based Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Classification","volume":"4","author":"Central Serous Chorioretinopathy International Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70531-8","article-title":"Choroidal capillary and venous congestion in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"121","author":"C Pr\u00fcnte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335947.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.11.017","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: a personal perspective","volume":"149","author":"LA Yannuzzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0335947.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.05.003","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: Recent findings and new physiopathology hypothesis","volume":"48","author":"A Daruich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0335947.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182680a66","article-title":"Type 1 (sub-retinal pigment epithelial) neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"32","author":"AT Fung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0335947.ref007","first-page":"889","article-title":"Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC): differential diagnosis to choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD)","volume":"229","author":"W Inhoffen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0335947.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000079","article-title":"The \u201cdouble-layer sign\u201d: in vivo imaging of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"90","author":"JM St Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0335947.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312431","article-title":"Patient characteristics and risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy: an analysis of 811 patients","volume":"103","author":"MG Ersoz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0335947.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209496","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2209496","article-title":"SubFoveal Choroidal Imaging in High Myopic Nepalese Cohort","volume":"2023","author":"P Gyawali","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.048","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness: the Beijing Eye Study","volume":"120","author":"WB Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335947.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6024","article-title":"Repeatability of manual subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements in healthy subjects using the technique of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"52","author":"W Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000287","article-title":"PACHYCHOROID: an inherited condition?","volume":"35","author":"M Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0335947.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10991","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-assisted enhanced depth imaging of central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"54","author":"L Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335947.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000742","article-title":"En face imaging of pachychoroid spectrum disorders with swept-source optical coherence tomographY","volume":"36","author":"KK Dansingani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0335947.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308428","article-title":"En face choroidal vascular feature imaging in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using swept source optical coherence tomography","volume":"101","author":"WJ Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335947.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000448342","article-title":"Investigation of the Etiology of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography and Indocyanine Green Angiography","volume":"236","author":"A Shinojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0335947.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.08.017","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and visual acuity in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"118","author":"Y Imamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335947.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.07.004","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: update on pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"58","author":"B Nicholson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000331","article-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"35","author":"CE Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0335947.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182953df4","article-title":"Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy","volume":"33","author":"DJ Warrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0335947.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120904670","article-title":"The significance of pigment epithelial detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"31","author":"A Chronopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335947.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001580","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of flat irregular pigment epithelium detachment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"38","author":"E Bousquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0335947.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002662","article-title":"Flat irregular pigment epithelium detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy: a Form of Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy?","volume":"40","author":"H Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0335947.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2840-y","article-title":"Enhanced depth imaging-OCT of the choroid: a review of the current literature","volume":"252","author":"H Laviers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0335947.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002988","article-title":"Choriocapillaris vascular parameters in normal eyes and those with pachychoroid with and without disease","volume":"41","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-102122-102907","article-title":"Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Epidemiology, Genetics and Clinical Features","volume":"10","author":"AH Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu Rev Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00607-8","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index in health and systemic diseases: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"M Motamed Shariati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0335947.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.07.011","article-title":"Scleral Thickness in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","volume":"5","author":"N Imanaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0335947.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00443-2","article-title":"Pathomechanisms in central serous chorioretinopathy: A recent update","volume":"9","author":"A Zarnegar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0335947.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05452-1","article-title":"Validation of central serous chorioretinopathy multimodal imaging-based classification system","volume":"260","author":"Central Serous Chorioretinopathy International Group","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T18:29:31Z","timestamp":1762972171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335947"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jiro","family":"Kogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335947","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]}}}