{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:39:11Z","timestamp":1763663951207,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG055406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG055406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG067592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG067592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG072931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG072931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG075719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG075719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG070953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG070953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the relationships between neighborhood characteristics, cumulative genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (polygenic scores for Alzheimer\u2019s disease), and cognitive function using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2008\u20132020, age\u2009&gt;\u200950).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline perceived neighborhood characteristics were combined into a subjective neighborhood disadvantage index. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and measured biennially over a 10-year follow-up period. Analyses were stratified by genetic ancestry. Cox proportional hazard models analyzed associations between neighborhood characteristics, Alzheimer\u2019s disease polygenic scores, and their interactions on cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the European ancestries sample, a one standard deviation higher score on the subjective neighborhood disadvantage index was associated with a higher hazard of any cognitive impairment (HR:1.09; CI:1.03\u20131.15), cognitive impairment without dementia (HR:1.08; CI:1.03\u20131.14), and dementia (HR:1.13; CI:1.03\u20131.24). Similarly, a one standard deviation increase in Alzheimer\u2019s disease polygenic score was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment (HR:1.10; CI:1.05\u20131.16) and cognitive impairment without dementia (HR:1.10; CI:1.05\u20131.16) but not dementia (HR:1.05; CI:0.96\u20131.16). No significant interactions were found. Evidence in African ancestries were directionally similar but imprecise and inconclusive due to limited precision and cross-ancestry polygenic score transferability. Subjective neighborhood disadvantage index and Alzheimer\u2019s disease polygenic score were independently associated with incident cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventing dementia by addressing modifiable risk factors is essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0336403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:26:39Z","timestamp":1763663199000},"page":"e0336403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of perceived neighborhood factors and Alzheimer\u2019s disease polygenic score with cognition: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4731-8158","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin B.","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5266-5570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peiyao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Noppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingzhou","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikayla","family":"Benbow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay C.","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay H.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9605-6337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Bakulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0336403.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2011.02.004","article-title":"Epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of dementia","volume":"34","author":"MA Nowrangi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0336403.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2012.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of dementias and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"AL Sosa-Ortiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Med 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