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Numerical simulations, utilizing an HJC constitutive model and an element erosion criterion, demonstrate that: (1) a higher lateral pressure coefficient significantly inhibits crack propagation, resulting in a reduction of main crack length and a simplification of crack morphology, while simultaneously increasing the proportion of elastic vibration energy; (2) optimal crack control is achieved when the energy-absorbing direction aligns with the maximum in-situ principal stress direction. The on-site verification at the 13303 working face demonstrates that aligning the opening of the energy-concentrating pipe with the direction of the roadway, which corresponds to the direction of the maximum principal stress, results in a directional main fracture occurrence rate exceeding 95%. significantly enhancing the retained roadway\u2019s quality. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for precise blasting design in deep high-stress mining environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0336444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T18:32:12Z","timestamp":1770661932000},"page":"e0336444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulation of directional crack propagation by energy-absorbing blasting in deep gob-side entry retaining under different lateral pressure 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