{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:13:38Z","timestamp":1782371618342,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Universitas Padjadjaran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1549\/UN6.3.1\/PT.00\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1549\/UN6.3.1\/PT.00\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual assault affects 35.6% of women globally. In Indonesia, 1 in 3 women aged 15\u201364 have experienced physical and\/or sexual assault. This often leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related symptoms. The standard PTSD treatments have cultural and resource limitations, which emphasize the need for a culturally adapted intervention. Somatic Experiencing\u00ae (SE)\u00ae, a body-oriented trauma therapy, has shown promise in reducing PTSD symptoms across diverse populations, but its cultural applicability and effectiveness in Indonesia remain under-investigated. This study addresses that gap by adapting SE\u00ae, for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to assess the effectiveness of a 10-session group-based SE\u00ae intervention, compared withcontrol group. A total of 207 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned using a 2:1 allocation ratio (n\u2009=\u2009138 intervention, n\u2009=\u200969 control). The intervention consists of structured group activities based on SE\u00ae principles, targeting improvements in PTSD symptoms, resilience, and quality of life. Furthermore, participants will be assessed at multiple points using standardized measures (PCL-5, CD-RISC-25, WHOQOL-BREF). Analysis will be conducted using SPSS version 22.0 for quantitative data and thematic coding for qualitative insights.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents the first RCT of culturally adapted SE\u00ae intervention in Indonesia. The findings are expected to inform trauma-focused clinical practice in low-resource settings and contribute to the global understanding of body-based therapy effectiveness in diverse cultural contexts. Results may also provide evidence for scalable group interventions targeting PTSD among women survivors of gender-based violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ISRCTN58257113 (Registration date: 29 October 2024)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Trial sponsor<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Universitas Padjadjaran, Faculty of Psychology, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang K21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0336956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:26:32Z","timestamp":1766427992000},"page":"e0336956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a group-adapted Somatic Experiencing\u00ae intervention for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4684-6522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ligina","family":"Ayudia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7336-3043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fredrick Dermawan","family":"Purba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-6922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aulia","family":"Iskandarsyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0336956.ref001","volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","author":"C Garc\u00eda-Moreno","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0336956.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22189","article-title":"Somatic Experiencing for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Outcome Study","volume":"30","author":"D Brom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref003","volume-title":"Komnas Perempuan Annual Report","author":"P Komnas","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0336956.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref005","volume-title":"The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy","author":"DA Dana","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref006","volume-title":"In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness","author":"PA Levine","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref007","article-title":"Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy","volume":"6","author":"P Payne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15057","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.57","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"1","author":"R Yehuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0336956.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935592","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1935592","article-title":"Piloting sexual assault care centres in Belgium: who do they reach and what care is offered?","volume":"12","author":"S Baert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0336956.ref010","article-title":"Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults","volume":"2013","author":"JI Bisson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0336956.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.114.046995","article-title":"Neglect of the complex: why psychotherapy for post-traumatic clinical presentations is often ineffective","volume":"39","author":"FM Corrigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJPsych Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0336956.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709709","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1709709","article-title":"Dropout from psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"C Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"pone.0336956.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12r08225","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"74","author":"BV Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0336956.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229409017088","article-title":"The body keeps the score: memory and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress","volume":"1","author":"BA Van der Kolk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871227","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2022.871227","article-title":"Polyvagal Theory: A Science of Safety","volume":"16","author":"SW Porges","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00070","article-title":"Effect of somatic experiencing resiliency-based trauma treatment training on quality of life and psychological health as potential markers of resilience in treating professionals","volume":"12","author":"NE Winblad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0336956.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6412","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20146412","article-title":"Evaluating Somatic Experiencing\u00ae to Heal Cancer Trauma: First Evidence with Breast Cancer Survivors","volume":"20","author":"D Vagnini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0336956.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01713-z","article-title":"Associations of resilience with quality of life levels in adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness: a longitudinal study","volume":"19","author":"C Mejia-Lancheros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayudia L, Purba FD, Samuels A, Iskandarsyah A. A pilot feasibility mixed-method study of group-based somatic experiencing\u00ae for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms. 2025.","DOI":"10.1186\/ISRCTN58257113"},{"key":"pone.0336956.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayudia L, Purba FD, Samuels A, Iskandarsyah A. Development of culturally adapted group-based somatic experiencing\u00ae intervention in Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms: A mixed-method study. 2025.","DOI":"10.1186\/ISRCTN58257113"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0336956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:26:36Z","timestamp":1766427996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0336956"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fadwa","family":"Alhalaiqa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0336956","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]}}}