{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:47:33Z","timestamp":1778186853149,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF(KU) 14.65 and FF(S-KU) 6.66)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU) 14.65 and FF(S-KU) 6.66)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kasetsart University Reinventing University Program 2021"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were conducted on tick specimens collected from cattle in northern, northeastern, central, and southern regions of Thailand. Morphological identification indicated these ticks consisted of three species,\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from all four regions,\n                    <jats:italic>R. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from the northern and northeastern regions, and a\n                    <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    species only collected from the northeastern region. Analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) sequences identified\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    clades A and C, while clade B was not detected in this study. The same analysis indicated specimens morphologically identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were\n                    <jats:italic>H. bispinosa,<\/jats:italic>\n                    confirming previous reports of their prevalence in northeastern Thailand.\n                    <jats:italic>H. bispinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, suggesting either a bottleneck or founder effect. Both\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    clades displayed high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, a pattern associated with population expansion. Genetic structural analysis revealed significant genetic differences in\n                    <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    clade A, especially between mainland (northern, northeastern, and central regions) and peninsular (southern region) populations, which indicated limited gene flow between these areas while suggesting movement of these ticks across the mainland. The sequence analyses described in this report enhance understanding of the natural history of ticks in Thailand and are expected to guide and strengthen tick control strategies across Southeast Asia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0337052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:24:06Z","timestamp":1763663046000},"page":"e0337052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks from cattle across Thailand: Regional identification and evidence of different genetic sub-structures between mainland and peninsular populations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Danai","family":"Sangthong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradit","family":"Sangthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7275-8457","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Warin","family":"Rangubpit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prapasiri","family":"Pongprayoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eukote","family":"Suwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kannika","family":"Wongpanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wissanuwat","family":"Chimnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pacharathon","family":"Simking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinsamut","family":"Sae Ngow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-7659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serge","family":"Morand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9749-2034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roger W.","family":"Stich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6566-8050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sathaporn","family":"Jittapalapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0337052.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.010","article-title":"The productivity effects of cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) 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