{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:21:02Z","timestamp":1790562062900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with a high mortality rate, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where the quality of pre-hospital or inter-hospital care can significantly impact patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate mortality rates and associated factors among ARDS patients in Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study included adult ARDS patients admitted to a central hospital in Vietnam from August 2015 to August 2023. Data was collected on inter-hospital care, patient characteristics, management, and outcomes; comparisons were made between survivors and non-survivors, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 353 patients, 68.0% were male, the median age was 55.0 years (Q1-Q3: 39.0\u201366.0), and 61.5% died in the hospital. The majority of patients (89.5%; 316\/353) were transferred from local hospitals, and 80.6% (253\/314) had received non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) at the referring hospital. During transportation, 60.1% (116\/193) had an endotracheal tube (ET) in place, and 25.6% (41\/160) received non-invasive or invasive MV. Upon admission, the mean PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio was 110.04 mmHg (SD: 57.72), and the median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 10.0 (Q1-Q3: 7.0\u201312.0). Most patients (95.7%; 315\/329) received invasive MV on the first day of admission, and 36.7% (73\/199) underwent cytokine adsorption during their hospital stay. The univariable logistic regression identified several factors significantly associated with hospital mortality, including age (OR: 1.027; 95% CI: 1.013\u20131.040; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio (OR: 0.993; 95% CI: 0.989\u20130.996; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), SOFA Score (OR: 1.168; 95% CI: 1.093\u20131.250; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and septic shock (OR: 2.077; 95% CI: 1.338\u20133.226; p\u2009=\u20090.001). However, in multivariable analysis, only the use of an ET during transportation remained independently associated with reduced hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.005\u20130.937; p\u2009=\u20090.045).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated a selected cohort of patients and underscored the vital role of pre-hospital and inter-hospital care in ARDS outcomes in Vietnam. Most patients were transferred from local hospitals, with limited application of essential transport interventions such as ET and MV. Notably, the use of an ET during transfer was independently associated with reduced hospital mortality. To improve survival, healthcare strategies should prioritize strengthening inter-hospital transfer protocols, ensuring timely initiation of respiratory support, and expanding access to critical care resources across all levels of the healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0337071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T18:28:10Z","timestamp":1763490490000},"page":"e0337071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors related to mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a lower middle-income country: A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Co Xuan","family":"Dao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6409-577X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chinh Quoc","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshie","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"My Ha","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dung Thi","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh Thi","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai Thien","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hau Thi","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai Quoc","family":"Khuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien Duy","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuan Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thach The","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giang Thi Huong","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuong Van","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9435-0420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Quan Huu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thong Huu","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan Cong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khoi Hong","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Tuong","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nga Thu","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2352-754X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Loc The","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuong Duy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thom Thi","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Dat","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuan Quoc","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh Gia","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-377X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Son Ngoc","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7651","key":"pone.0337071.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39537.939039.BE","article-title":"Corticosteroids in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults: meta-analysis","volume":"336","author":"JV Peter","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199602000-00011","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit","volume":"24","author":"DS Zaccardelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(82)90612-2","article-title":"Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"144","author":"PE Pepe","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.2.7842182","article-title":"Clinical risks for development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"151","author":"LD Hudson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-5-593","article-title":"Adult respiratory distress syndrome: risk with common predispositions","volume":"98","author":"AA Fowler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0337071.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2380-4","article-title":"The ALIEN study: incidence and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the era of lung protective ventilation","volume":"37","author":"J Villar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201212-2169OC","article-title":"Evolution of mortality over time in patients receiving mechanical ventilation","volume":"188","author":"A Esteban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3186-3","article-title":"One-year mortality and predictors of death among hospital survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"40","author":"CY Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0337071.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"G Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref010","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics, ventilator management, and clinical outcome in patients receiving invasive ventilation in intensive care units from 10 Asian middle-income countries (PRoVENT-iMiC): an international, multicenter, prospective study","volume":"104","author":"L Pisani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0337071.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006312","article-title":"Mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome in Latin America","volume":"52","author":"R Santa Cruz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337071.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00008","article-title":"Incidence, clinical course, and outcome in 217 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"30","author":"E Estenssoro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.2101124","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome in three Australian States","volume":"165","author":"Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref014","first-page":"485","article-title":"Causes of mortality in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"132","author":"AB Montgomery","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.525","article-title":"Causes and timing of death in patients with ARDS","volume":"128","author":"RD Stapleton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0337071.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4571-5","article-title":"Potentially modifiable factors contributing to outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome: the LUNG SAFE study","volume":"42","author":"JG Laffey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0337071.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000165566.82925.14","article-title":"Clinical predictors of and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: potential role of red cell transfusion","volume":"33","author":"MN Gong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0337071.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066611411410","article-title":"Mortality of patients with respiratory insufficiency and adult respiratory distress syndrome after surgery: the obesity paradox","volume":"27","author":"SG Memtsoudis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0337071.ref019","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition","volume":"307","author":"ARDS Definition Task Force","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0337071.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000280434.33451.87","article-title":"Trauma-associated lung injury differs clinically and biologically from acute lung injury due to other clinical disorders","volume":"35","author":"CS Calfee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0337071.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200701-165OC","article-title":"Effect of intensive care unit organizational model and structure on outcomes in patients with acute lung injury","volume":"176","author":"MM Treggiari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001359","article-title":"Timing of intubation and clinical outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"44","author":"KN Kangelaris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3039","article-title":"Effect of double dose oseltamivir on clinical and virological outcomes in children and adults admitted to hospital with severe influenza: double blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"346","author":"South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref024","unstructured":"World Health Organization. COVID-19 situation reports in Viet Nam Geneva, Switzerland: The World Health Organization; 2021 [updated 2023 Jun 7; cited 2024 Aug 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/vietnam\/emergencies\/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-in-viet-nam\/covid-19-situation-reports-in-viet-nam\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref025","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and mortality risk among critically ill patients with COVID-19 owing to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Vietnam: a retrospective observational study","volume":"18","author":"TV Do","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0337071.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085971","article-title":"Predictive validity of interleukin 6 (IL-6) for the mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients with the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Vietnam: a single-centre, cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"CV Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0337071.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221114","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and mortality on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in Vietnam","volume":"14","author":"LQ Chinh","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pcc.0000449184.75930.9a","article-title":"Abstract 458: the epidemiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome in Vietnamese children","volume":"15","author":"PH Phan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.07.020","article-title":"Healthcare infrastructure capacity to respond to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and sepsis in Vietnam: a low-middle income country","volume":"42","author":"VQ Dat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.269837","article-title":"Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Viet Nam: multicentre prospective cohort study","volume":"99","author":"SN Do","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-017-0682-z","article-title":"A review of Vietnam\u2019s healthcare reform through the Direction of Healthcare Activities (DOHA)","volume":"22","author":"K Takashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92199-y","article-title":"Predictive validity of the sequential organ failure assessment score for mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Vietnam","volume":"15","author":"CX Dao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref033","volume-title":"Article 8: transport of patients during the transfer of patient","author":"Vietnam Ministry of Health","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-021-00542-z","article-title":"Survival after traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Vietnam: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"SN Do","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref035","volume-title":"Conditions for grant of operation licenses for first-aid or patient transportation service facilities","author":"Vietnam Ministry of Health","year":"2011"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0337071.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2682-1","article-title":"The Berlin definition of ARDS: an expanded rationale, justification, and supplementary material","volume":"38","author":"ND Ferguson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0337071.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0548ST","article-title":"An Official American Thoracic Society\/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine\/Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"195","author":"E Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0337071.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0337071.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","article-title":"Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries","volume":"173","author":"H Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304588","article-title":"Validity of Charlson Comorbidity Index in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome. Insights from the nationwide AMIS Plus registry 2002-2012","volume":"100","author":"D Radovanovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0337071.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","article-title":"The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"22","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0337071.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw504","article-title":"Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society","volume":"63","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0337071.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-025-00781-3","article-title":"Epidemiological trends of mechanically ventilated acute respiratory distress syndrome in the twenty-first century: a nationwide, population-based retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"M Bardaj\u00ed-Carrillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2023.100180","article-title":"Aging-related predictive factors for oxygenation improvement and mortality in COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients exposed to prone position: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"78","author":"MCA Cunha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01015-7","article-title":"Presence of comorbidities alters management and worsens outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the LUNG SAFE study","volume":"12","author":"E Rezoagli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337071.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1972OC","article-title":"Association of positive end-expiratory pressure and lung recruitment selection strategies with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"205","author":"J Dianti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02186-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in ARDS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data","volume":"23","author":"X Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13860-0","article-title":"Critical risks of haemoadsorption for COVID-19 patients and directions for future evaluations: a nationwide propensity score matched cohort study","volume":"15","author":"JA Kloka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-00998-7","article-title":"Clinical impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"M Le Pape","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0337071.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","article-title":"A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis","volume":"49","author":"P Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280214558972","article-title":"Events per variable (EPV) and the relative performance of different strategies for estimating the out-of-sample validity of logistic regression models","volume":"26","author":"PC Austin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-9-56","article-title":"Bias in odds ratios by logistic regression modelling and sample size","volume":"9","author":"S Nemes","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2018.25.4.12","article-title":"Sample size guidelines for logistic regression from observational studies with large population: emphasis on the accuracy between statistics and parameters based on real life clinical data","volume":"25","author":"MA Bujang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.31662\/jmaj.2020-0110","article-title":"Unmet need for emergency medical services in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"4","author":"BH Hoang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMA J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0337071.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201409-1634OC","article-title":"Association of hospital-level volume of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and mortality. Analysis of the extracorporeal life support organization registry","volume":"191","author":"RP Barbaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0337071.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07050-7","article-title":"ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies","volume":"49","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0357-y","article-title":"Quality of inter-hospital transportation in 431 transport survivor patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome referred to specialist centers","volume":"8","author":"S Blecha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0337071.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5327","article-title":"Characteristics, outcomes, and trends of patients with COVID-19-related critical illness at a learning health system in the United States","volume":"174","author":"GL Anesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2012.664245","article-title":"Assessment of the status of prehospital care in 13 low- and middle-income countries","volume":"16","author":"K Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337071.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001839","article-title":"Neuromuscular blocking agents and neuromuscular dysfunction acquired in critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"DR Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref062","article-title":"The risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit","volume":"70","author":"M Wa\u0142aszek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref063","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit, Siriraj Hospital","author":"S Nakaviroj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref064","first-page":"5348835","article-title":"Major bleeding in adults undergoing peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): prognosis and predictors","volume":"2022","author":"TP Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.07.020","article-title":"COVID-19 patients hospitalized after the fourth wave of the pandemic period in Vietnam: clinical, laboratory, therapeutic features, and clinical outcomes","volume":"123","author":"TC Dien","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2023.00500","article-title":"Risk factors for cannula-associated arterial thrombosis following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"NHK Trieu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.4.849","article-title":"An early test of survival in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The PaO2\/FIo2 ratio and its differential response to conventional therapy. Prostaglandin E1 Study Group","volume":"96","author":"RC Bone","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0337071.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.08.002","article-title":"Oxygenation saturation index predicts clinical outcomes in ARDS","volume":"152","author":"K DesPrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337071.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00274-2021","article-title":"P (aO(2))\/F (IO(2)) ratio: the mismeasure of oxygenation in COVID-19","volume":"57","author":"MJ Tobin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86676-3","article-title":"PaO2\/FiO2 and IL-6 are risk factors of mortality for intensive care COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"Y Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.06.002","article-title":"Standardizing PaO2 for PaCO2 in P\/F ratio predicts in-hospital mortality in acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19: a pilot prospective study","volume":"92","author":"I Prediletto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520742","article-title":"Identification of patients with acute lung injury. Predictors of mortality","volume":"152","author":"RL Doyle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.4.1074","article-title":"The adult respiratory distress syndrome. A report of survival and modifying factors","volume":"101","author":"MR Suchyta","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.2.419","article-title":"A multicenter registry of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Physiology and outcome","volume":"146","author":"PJ Sloane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0337071.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.5.1306","article-title":"Infections and the inflammatory response in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"111","author":"AS Headley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-1-200201010-00007","article-title":"Recovery rate and prognosis in older persons who develop acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"136","author":"EW Ely","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0337071.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"383","author":"DC Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0337071.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30366-0","article-title":"Prevalence of phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study","volume":"8","author":"P Sinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02675-8","article-title":"Hemoadsorption in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"W Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337071.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11113068","article-title":"Hemoadsorption as adjuvant therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"CE Szigetv\u00e1ry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337071.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020317","article-title":"Prone positioning and molecular biomarkers in COVID and non-COVID ARDS: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"S Spadaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2025.111786","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prone positioning in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"P-H Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0337071.ref083","article-title":"The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a comprehensive review of current evidence and future directions","volume":"17","author":"G Maisuradze","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101616","article-title":"Navigating hypoxemic respiratory failure in critically ill cardiac patients","volume":"4","author":"LH Sterling","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2738-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of early prone positioning combined with HFNC or NIV in moderate to severe ARDS: a multi-center prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"L Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0337071.ref086","article-title":"Efficacy of prone positioning in awake ventilation for COVID-19: umbrella review","volume":"104","author":"D-Y Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0337071.ref087","article-title":"Impact of wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing on influenza, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia during the coronavirus pandemic: retrospective national epidemiological surveillance study","volume":"22","author":"N-C Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337071.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1037CP","article-title":"Hospital preparedness for COVID-19: a practical guide from a critical care perspective","volume":"201","author":"KM Griffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.01.007","article-title":"Mechanical ventilators for low- and middle-income countries: informing a context-specific and sustainable design","volume":"128","author":"J Gallifant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9611","article-title":"Alternatives to invasive ventilation in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"324","author":"BK Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116949","article-title":"Intensive care unit capacity in low-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"S Murthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337071.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-06108-3","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at the Vietnam National Children\u2019s Hospital: a retrospective observational study","volume":"25","author":"DA Dang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337071.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6380","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116380","article-title":"The psychological well-being of southeast Asian frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19: a multi-country study","volume":"19","author":"I Teo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0337071.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S407583","article-title":"High prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress among healthcare workers in COVID-19 field hospitals: a cross-sectional study from Vietnam","volume":"16","author":"HTT Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337071.ref095","first-page":"507","article-title":"Impact of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcome in Vietnam","volume":"25","author":"C Xuan Dao","year":"2024","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0337071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T18:28:25Z","timestamp":1763490505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0337071"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gurmeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0337071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}}}