{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:40:02Z","timestamp":1764700802348,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005006","name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024IT0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024IT0009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the vascular signatures of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration (RTSD) on OCT and OCTA, and to assess whether these changes differ from those associated with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective cohort study included 24 eyes with RTSD and 12 eyes with NAION. Retinal regions corresponding to visual field defects were topographically defined and compared with anatomically matched internal control regions from the fellow eye. Structural (peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer(pRNFL), macular ganglion cell\u2013inner plexiform layer(mGCIPL)) and vascular (peripapillary vessel density(pVD], macular vessel density(mVD)) parameters were calculated as affected-to-control ratios (%). Spearman correlation and ANCOVA were used to evaluate structure\u2013vascular relationships and compare regression slopes between groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Both groups exhibited significant structural and vascular reductions in affected regions. NAION eyes demonstrated greater reductions in pRNFL, pVD, and mVD ratios compared to RTSD (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), while mGCIPL ratios showed a non-statistically significant difference (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.065). The correlation between mGCIPL and mVD was higher in NAION (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.815,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001) than in RTSD (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.469,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.021). Age-adjusted ANCOVA with an interaction term demonstrated that the slope of the relationship between structural thinning and vascular loss was significantly more pronounced in NAION (interaction \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.75,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.049).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n RTSD demonstrated relatively modest vascular compromise compared to NAION, which is presumed to reflect secondary changes due to reduced metabolic demand following retrograde neuronal degeneration. Quantitative structure\u2013vascular analysis using RTSD as a reference model may aid in distinguishing secondary degeneration from primary ischemic injury in optic neuropathies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0337283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:27:11Z","timestamp":1764700031000},"page":"e0337283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topographic analysis of vascular changes in retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9553-2231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yeji","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337283.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.059","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in congenital\/long-standing homonymous hemianopia","volume":"140","author":"JS Mehta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337283.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.07.013","article-title":"OCT and band atrophy correlation","volume":"112","author":"JS Mehta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0337283.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp001","article-title":"Retrograde trans-synaptic retinal ganglion cell loss identified by optical coherence tomography","volume":"132","author":"P Jindahra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"pone.0337283.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S81749","article-title":"Retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in homonymous hemianopsia","volume":"9","author":"AM Herro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337283.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008738","article-title":"Homonymous hemiatrophy of ganglion cell layer from retrochiasmal lesions in the visual pathway","volume":"94","author":"F M\u00fchlemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0337283.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.021","article-title":"Transneuronal retrograde degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells in patients with cerebral infarction","volume":"120","author":"H-YL Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0337283.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394957","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2394957","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell atrophy in homonymous hemianopia due to acquired occipital lesions observed using cirrus high-definition-OCT","volume":"2016","author":"T Yamashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0337283.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199793","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCT-A) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) corresponds to visual function","volume":"13","author":"ED Gaier","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0337283.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359120","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1359120","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography assessment of the peripapillary vessel density and structure in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"L Ling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337283.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000584","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in neuro-ophthalmology","volume":"37","author":"AM Hagag","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0337283.ref011","article-title":"Correlation between retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of ganglion cells and optical coherence tomography angiography following ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"M Molero-Senosiain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337283.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2019.1617748","article-title":"Retrogeniculate lesion of the visual pathways: retinal optical coherence tomography angiography shows evidence of transsynaptic retrograde degeneration","volume":"44","author":"F Pellegrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0337283.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033838","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1033838","article-title":"Peripapillary and macular microvasculature features of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"9","author":"S Pugazhendhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337283.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-04002-1","article-title":"Optic disc characteristics evaluated with swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION): a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"D Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337283.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000493","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"37","author":"E Wright Mayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0337283.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0564-2","article-title":"Circumpapillary and macular vessel density assessment by optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with temporal hemianopia from chiasmal compression. Correlation with retinal neural and visual field loss","volume":"34","author":"ACF Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0337283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:27:15Z","timestamp":1764700035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0337283"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Radouil","family":"Tzekov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0337283","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]}}}