{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:16:53Z","timestamp":1785255413367,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The primary goal of this research is to analyze the transmission dynamics of Maize Streak Virus (MSV) by means of a computational and stochastic modeling technique where the time delay and uncertainty factors in the epidemic process are vital considerations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n A compartmental MSV deterministic model was established, which later got an extension to a stochastic delay differential system having five biological compartments consisting of susceptible, insecticide-treated, exposed, infected, and recovered plants. Analytical methods were employed to find the maize streak\u2013free and endemic equilibriums and to derive the treatment reproduction number. The stability of the deterministic and stochastic systems was studied. The numerical methods used for comparison were Euler-Maruyama, stochastic Runge\u2013Kutta, and the stochastic Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) scheme, which were assessed for accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Results<\/jats:title>\n Theoretical results show that under some parameter values, both equilibrium points are stable in an asymptotic sense. The numerical experiments reveal that the stochastic NSFD scheme is more stable, preserves positivity better, and is independent of step size than the classical methods. Including the stochasticity captures the uncertainty associated with MSV transmission in the real world, thereby enhancing the predictive simulation\u2019s validity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The suggested stochastic NSFD model is indeed a strong computationally efficient and biologically realistic method to simulate MSV and other plant virus epidemics. The results boost our understanding and management of the agricultural disease control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0337556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T18:50:28Z","timestamp":1765565428000},"page":"e0337556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Computational analysis of stochastic delay dynamics in maize streak virus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sana","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6443-9966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Lampart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nauman","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dumitru","family":"Baleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala H.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0337556.ref001","volume-title":"Mathematical modeling of insecticide impact on transmission dynamics of maize streak disease","author":"F Mrope","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0337556.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/25765299.2024.2327168","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of the role of host-to-host transmission of Maize Streak Virus Disease with Atangana-Baleanu derivative","volume":"31","author":"B Seidu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0337556.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-024-02127-3","article-title":"Dynamical analysis of a stochastic maize streak virus epidemic model with logarithmic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process","volume":"89","author":"Q Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337556.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.48185\/jmam.v5i2.1198","article-title":"Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Maize Foliar Disease in Maize Plants","volume":"5","author":"F Mrope","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Math Anal Model"},{"key":"pone.0337556.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mlwa.2024.100556","article-title":"A deep learning approach for Maize Lethal Necrosis and Maize Streak Virus disease detection","volume":"16","author":"T O\u2019Halloran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Machine Learning with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337556.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/fractalfract7020189","article-title":"Fractal-Fractional Caputo Maize Streak Virus Disease Model","volume":"7","author":"J Ackora-Prah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fractal Fract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0337556.ref007","article-title":"Implementation of Adomian Decomposition Method for Maize Streak Virus Disease Model to Reduce the Contamination Rate in Maize Plant","volume":"22","author":"M Ramanathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"MJS"},{"key":"pone.0337556.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147003","article-title":"Surface coatings based on chitosan and tannins applied in the in vivo prevention of corn streak disease","volume":"477","author":"SP Facchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"pone.0337556.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2023.115352","article-title":"Stability and optimal control analysis for studying the transmission dynamics of a fractional-order MSV epidemic model","volume":"434","author":"HM Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"pone.0337556.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003407409-9","article-title":"Maize diseases diagnosis based on computer intelligence: A systematic review","volume-title":"Modern Computational Techniques for Engineering Applications","author":"A Dash","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0337556.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalyango MF, Ntanda KM. 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