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While intersections of race and gender are well-studied, class remains underexplored in social psychology. This research investigates how class (measured by education, income, and occupational status) and gender influence interpersonal attitudes regarding likability, respect, and social distance across different cultures. We present results from factorial survey experiments in eight countries (Armenia, Australia, Brazil, Germany, India, Russia, UK, US) with different gender norms and inequality levels. High education and income influenced attitudes towards women (vs. men) more positively, and low income and occupational status influenced attitudes towards men (vs. women) more negatively. In countries with more conservative gender norms, these differences were stronger. General inequality also impacted status- and gender-based attitudes. Our findings demonstrate that gender and class interact differently across cultures, contributing to discourses on intersectionality and informing social equality and policy interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0338029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:21:42Z","timestamp":1771438902000},"page":"e0338029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social judgments at the intersection of class and gender across cultures"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0686-0581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie Isabelle","family":"Wei\u00dfflog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lusine","family":"Grigoryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0338029.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01400","article-title":"Gender inequalities in the workplace: the effects of organizational structures, processes, practices, and decision makers\u2019 sexism","volume":"6","author":"CS Stamarski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0338029.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10672-022-09417-2","article-title":"Workplace Experiences of LGBTQIA\u2009+\u2009Individuals in Portugal","volume":"35","author":"C Beatriz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Employ Respons Rights J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0338029.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12522","article-title":"Relationship (in)security is central to the sources and outcomes of sexist attitudes","volume":"14","author":"MD Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social & Personality Psych"},{"issue":"10368","key":"pone.0338029.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01989-4","article-title":"Confronting the consequences of racism, xenophobia, and discrimination on health and health-care systems","volume":"400","author":"I Abubakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0338029.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21060558","article-title":"Dismantling Structural Racism in Psychiatry: A Path to Mental Health Equity","volume":"178","author":"RS Shim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0338029.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300773","article-title":"The state of research on racial\/ethnic discrimination in the receipt of health care","volume":"102","author":"VL Shavers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0338029.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22221","article-title":"Discrimination, harassment, abuse, and bullying in the workplace: contribution of workplace injustice to occupational health disparities","volume":"57","author":"CA Okechukwu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338029.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.57.2.100","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral distancing from the poor","volume":"57","author":"B Lott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0338029.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029369","article-title":"The social psychology of class and classism","volume":"67","author":"B Lott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338029.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1353\/rhe.2006.0073","article-title":"Assessing classism in academic settings","volume":"30","author":"RD Langhout","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev High Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338029.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.2307\/1319359","article-title":"Race, class, and gender: An anthology","volume":"23","author":"TL Baker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Teach Sociol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0338029.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014564","article-title":"Intersectionality and research in psychology","volume":"64","author":"ER Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338029.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684316629797","article-title":"Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: I. 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