{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T19:30:19Z","timestamp":1765567819845,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028627","name":"Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018 Robert Behnke Research Assistance Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018 Robert Behnke Research Assistance Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential components of contemporary healthcare practices, which allow clinicians to effectively monitor clinical outcomes. Objectively measured neuromuscular impairments have been reported among individuals with glenohumeral labral repair, yet their relationship with PROs is unclear. Understanding those relationships would help clinicians explain clinical meaning of such impairments from a patient-oriented perspective. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between objective metrics of upper extremity neuromuscular function and PROs in individuals with glenohumeral labral repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>16 individuals with a history of glenohumeral labral repair (13 males\/3 females, age: 24.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5 years, time from surgery: 36.3\u2009\u00b1\u200933.3 months) volunteered. Neuromuscular functions, characterized by shoulder abduction and wrist flexion maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, Hoffmann reflex (spinal pathway), and active motor threshold (AMT, corticospinal pathway) of the upper extremity muscles, were assessed bilaterally. Pain, physical activity level, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and Veteran\u2019s Rand 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) were used to quantify self-reported upper extremity function and global health, encompassing both mental and physical components. Bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression were used to identify the variance explained by neuromuscular outcomes in each PRO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Involved limb wrist flexion MVIC torque moderately correlated with DASH (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.523,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.045). AMT of middle deltoid moderately correlated with OSS (\u03c1\u2009=\u2009.570,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.021). Age and current activity level explained 73.2% variance in the VR-12 physical component (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.732,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Age moderately correlated with the VR-12 mental component (\u03c1\u2009=\u2009.550,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater involved limb wrist flexor strength, corticospinal excitability of the middle deltoid, as well as greater age and lesser activity level explained better perceived function and health. These results support the clinical relevance of muscle strength and neural function to patient recovery from glenohumeral labral repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0338260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T18:34:22Z","timestamp":1765564462000},"page":"e0338260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationships between upper extremity neuromuscular function and patient-reported outcomes among individuals with a history of glenohumeral labral repair"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-5100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katsumi","family":"Takeno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Ingersoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal R.","family":"Glaviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadik","family":"Khuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant E.","family":"Norte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338260.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310004667","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"JJ Luime","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338260.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.605390","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and consultation rates of shoulder complaints in general practice","volume":"41","author":"K Greving","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0338260.ref003","first-page":"751","article-title":"Managing shoulder pain in general practice--the value of academic detailing","volume":"35","author":"NA Broadhurst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0338260.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22002","article-title":"Comparison of risk factors for shoulder pain and rotator cuff syndrome in the working population","volume":"55","author":"J Bodin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"pone.0338260.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-68","article-title":"Prevalence of complaints of arm, neck and shoulder among computer office workers and psychometric evaluation of a risk factor questionnaire","volume":"8","author":"S Eltayeb","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0338260.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290051101","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of arthroscopic stabilization of acute, initial anterior shoulder dislocations in young athletes. 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