{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:03:34Z","timestamp":1785233014660,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":227,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10430022010017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10430022010017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019180","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["817680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Since the beginning of the 21\n                    <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                    century, behavioral insights have increasingly been used to inform policy. However, rather than land in a vacuum, such insights arrive in a setting where the citizens they target themselves have lay understanding of what shapes behavior\u2014an understanding that may critically shape their endorsement of such policies. As such, to change behavior through behavioral science, people\u2019s lay understanding is of pivotal importance. Yet so far, we know little about how laypersons think about changing behavior, or whether their lay understanding of this aligns with that of science. The present research examines this question by focusing on rule compliance, a frequent target of behavioral influence. In a large-scale survey (N\u2009=\u20093326), we assess participants\u2019 lay perceptions of how compliance is shaped by different mechanisms identified in the academic literature, and compare this to empirically observed associations. For this purpose, we focused on behavioral measures against COVID-19\u2014newly introduced rules that applied universally, where behavioral insights were widely utilized to promote compliance, and ample empirical data exists on relevant mechanisms. Our findings revealed that at the aggregate level, there was substantial concordance between participants\u2019 lay understanding of how different mechanisms contributed to compliance and empirical evidence\u2014although participants seem to overestimate their impact in absolute terms, and underestimate their variability. While this result need not imply that laypersons individually have an accurate understanding of what shapes compliance, it does suggest that collectively, people\u2019s lay understanding of these processes was broadly aligned with a scientific understanding. Moreover, their lay understanding of these processes was associated with their preferences for policies to shape compliance by leveraging these mechanisms. In this way, people\u2019s lay understanding may provide a stepping stone for scientifically informed policies\u2014and an important reservoir of experiential knowledge that the science of behavior change can tap into.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0338675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T19:03:57Z","timestamp":1767380637000},"page":"e0338675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The People versus Behavioral Science: Alignment between lay and scientific understanding of compliance"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-2300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Reinders Folmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malouke E.","family":"Kuiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"van Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338675.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22123","article-title":"Applying Behavioral Insights to Improve Postsecondary Education Outcomes: A Review of Obama Administration Efforts and Next Steps Under the Trump Administration","volume":"38","author":"K Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Policy Anal Manage"},{"key":"pone.0338675.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2019.11.002","article-title":"Using behavioral insights to increase attendance at subsidized preschool programs: The Show Up to Grow Up intervention","volume":"163","author":"A 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